7. Twelfth Annual Report
OF the;
Bureau of
Statistics and Inforaation
OF Maryland.
1903.
THOMAS A. SMITH, Chief.
110 WEST SARATOGA STREET,
BALTIMORE, AD.
baIvTimore;, md. wm. j. c. dui,any co., sta'r:^ printer.
1904.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
BaIvTimore, March i, 1904. To His Excellency ,
Kdwin Warfield,
Governor of Maryland:
Sir: In accordance with the statutory directions, I have the honor to submit for your consideration my fourth and the Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics and Infor- mation of Maryland.
Most respectfully yours,
THOS. A. SMITH,
Chief.
Postscript: Since the copy of this report has been placed in the hands of the State Printer, the great fire of Feb- ruary 7-10, 1904, occurred in Baltimore, and the entire con- tents of the Bureau, including library, files and statistics, were totally destroyed.
Respectfully,
THOS. A. SMITH,
Chief.
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CONTENTS.
age.
Letter of Transmittal 3
Contents 5
Prefatory 7
Introduction 9
Industrial 13
Strikes and Lockouts 26
Labor Organizations 60
Sweat Shop Inspections 65
Report of Free Employment Agency 95
Employment of Children in Mercantile Establishments 102
Employment of Women and Children in Factories 104
Bread — Production and Distribution 133
Agriculture —Resume of Cost of Production .' 157
The State of Maryland — Its Counties, Resources and Manufactures 164
Immigi-ation into the State 274
New Corporations in Maryland 278
Convention of National Bureaux of Labor Statistics 299
New Labor Laws 303
Financial Statement 313
Decision of Court of Appeals in Sweatshop Case 315
Index 327-331
PREFATORY.
The Twelfth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics and Information represents the work of the fourth year by the present incumbent. As to whether or not this and the three preceding years have been properly utilized by the Bureau, I must, of course, leave to the public, but from our numerous letters of commendation, and the favorable com- ment from time to time by the public press and people, I am justified in saying that much good work has been accom- plished, and that a fair start has been made in the effort to make the Bureau of Statistics and Information a useful adjunct to the State Government.
In the pages that follow will be found recommendations in reference to the present Statutes now on the law books of the State, passed by the I^egislature with a view to ameliorating the condition of those who toil.
The successful beginning of the work of the Free Employ- ment Agency, and the carrying out of the provisions of the Factory Inspection Act, so well begun in 1902, is fully set forth in the pages that follow, and if properly sustained by the Court of Appeals, in the case now pending, and continued in the same spirit by this department, there is no doubt of the great value it will prove to the working people of the State, and the manufacturing and business men at large. The standard of clothing manufactured in Baltimore has already been raised to a very considerable extent, and the entire elimination of the evils complained of in sweat shops and factories may be brought about if the work is continued.
The resume of previous work done in relation to the cost of production on the farm and agriculture generally, will bear close inspection, as it was a novel departure in securing exact data on such a subject, and in connection with the accounts of the progress made by the various counties of the State, both from a manufacturing and agricultural standpoint, with
8 PREFATORY.
an account of their natural advantages for settlement, will, no doubt, prove interesting as well as useful, both as an adver- tisement of the State's resources and as a reference chapter for our citizens generally.
Much of the work of the Bureau has been of a purel}'- tenta- tive character in these four years, it being necessarj^ to estab- lish a standard and progress from that standard upward, breaking new ground, and filling the wide scope given the Bureau by the Statute creating it.
We present in this volume the most complete record of labor organizations and strikes ever published, and we look forward to the time when this department of the report will be a feature of no small consequence.
Thousands of letters, postal cards and books were sent out during the j^ear in answer to inquiries for information, etc., and furnish ample evidence of the growing value of the de- partment.
I also desire to take this means of expressing my sincere appreciation of the work of Jacob G. Schonfarber, who has been my efficient assistant during the past four years.
I desire to extend my thanks to the force in my office for their conscientious helpfulness, and to many of the citizens and officials of the State who have encouraged me by their kindness, as well as commendation.
INTRODUCTION.
Since appointed to this office four years ago, my constant aim has been to obey the law creating the Bureau ; give to the people some tangible evidence of the usefulness of the depart- ment, and suggest such changes in the laws as would inure to the benefit of the citizens of the State and the particu- lar interests committed to the Bureau's charge.
That we have in a measure accomplished this, I feel satis- fied. In the four years we have established the Free Employ- ment Agency, secured the adoption of an inspection law, and gathered considerable information, which has been sought and widely disseminated, all editions of the reports of the depart- ment for the four years having been completely exhausted.
There are many laws on the statute books of this State favorable to labor's interests, and which would, if enforced, make far better conditions among those who toil for a living. Among these may be included such acts as the law prohibiting the employment of children under fourteen years of age, the sweat- shop inspection act, the monthly payment of wages act, the act providing for seats for female employees in stores, and other similar- statutes; but unfortunately there is little, if any, pro- vision for the enforcement of these acts. I would advise that an amendment be made to the laws indicated, plac- ing the responsibility for the enforcement of this legislation and the observance of the laws upon the chief of this Bureau, holding him strictly accountable for such enforcement. That is to say, the police department having all it can attend to without being put to the duty of making inspections and laying information, should simply be the force through which the Bureau of Statistics and Information would carry out the law. At present, little, if any, attempt is made to enforce these acts of the Legislature, and the amelioration of the condition of the thousands of persons who might be benefited thereby is
lO INTRODUCTION.
left unaccomplished, notwithstanding the intentions of the Legislators.
Two years ago, as noted in the Tenth Annual Report of this Bureau, the paramount question in labor and other circles was arbitration. The Civic Federation of Chicago had discussed the question at length, at its session in New York, and recom- mended to the various States, to the labor organizations, and to the National Government the adoption of a conciliation and arbitration act, voluntary in character, which it was con- ceded would largely meet the wants of the situation.
At the session of the Legislature that year this Bureau recom- mended the adoption by the General Assembly of a publicity, conciliation and arbitration act, on the lines indicated by the Civic Federation. This act, if enacted, would have been of considerable utility in the past year or two in Maryland. Unfortunately, after having passed the Maryland State Senate, and having received two readings in the House, owing to the rush of busi- ness, failed to be taken from the files before the final adjournment of the Legislature. We believe this act would be useful and would largely enable employers and employees of this State to get together when occasion required.
Nearly all the labor difficulties arise from one or two causes, namely : The demand for higher wages, or the reduc- tion of the hours of labor. The condition of the employers' business and the status of the workingman are largely questions for discussion and argument, and if the parties can be brought properly together, with the advice of the State, there is little doubt that many disastrous and costly strikes might be avoided. Therefore, this Bureau renews this recommendation to the Legislature, now in session at Annapolis, for the adoption of this legislation, which is herewith reprinted for the consid- eration of its members.
INTRODUCTION. II
A BILL "' " '■•
Entitled an Act providing means for the settlement of dispntes between
employers and employees by mediation, voluntary arbitration, and the
investigation of the causes of such disputes.
Section i. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That upon information furnished by an employer of labor, whether person, firm or corpocation, or by a committee of employees, or from any other reliable source, that a controversy or dispute has arisen between em- ployer and employees, involving ten or more persons, which controversy or dispute may result in a strike or lockout, the chief of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics of Maryland, or such person officially connected with said Bureau of Industrial Statistics as may be deputized in writing by the chief of said Bureau of Industrial Statistics, shall, at once, visit the place of controversy or dispute and seek to mediate between the parties, if in his discretion, it is necessary so to do.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That if mediation cannot be effected as provided in Section i of this Article, the chief of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics, or such person officially connected with said Bureau as may be by him deputized in writing, may at his discretion endeavor to secure the consent of the parties to the controversy or dis- pute to the formation of a board of arbitration, which board shall be composed of one employer and one employee engaged in the same or similar occupation to the one in which the dispute exists, but who are not parties to the controversy or dispute, and to be selected by the respective parties to the controversy; the third arbitrator may be selected by the two first named arbitrators, and said third arbitrator so selected shall be president of the board of arbitration; and upon the failure of the two first named arbitrators as aforesaid to agree upon the third arbitrator, then the chief of the said Bureau of Industrial Statistics shall act as such third arbitrator or he may deputize in writing some person officially connected with the said Bureau so to act, and said chief or the person who may be deputized by him shall act as president of said board.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the president of said board provided for in Section 2 of this Article shall have power to summon witnesses, enforce their attendance and administer oaths and hear and determine the matter in dispute, and within three days after the investigation render a decision thereon, a copy of which shall be fur- nished each party to the dispute and shall be final.
Sec. 4. And be it further enacfed, That in all such cases of dis- pute as aforesaid, as in all other cases, if the parties actually agree that the matter in dispute shall be arbitrated and deter- mined in a mode different from the one hereby prescribed, said agree- ment shall 'be valid, and the award and determinaion thereon by either mode of arbitration shall be final and conclusive between the parties. It shall be lawful in all cases for an employer or employee, by writing
12 INTRODUCTION.
under his hand, to authorize any person to act for him in submitting to arbitration and attending the same.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted. That the Board of Arbitration shall employ a clerk at each session of the board, who shall receive three dollars per day for his services, to be paid upon the approval of the chief of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics out of the funds appropri- ated for the expenses of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That should the chief of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics or the person deputized by him as aforesaid fail to mediate or secure the consent of the parties to the controversy or dispute, submit the matter to arbitration, then the said chief of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics or the person deputized by him as aforesaid shall proceed to thoroughly investigate the cause of the dispute or controversy; he shall have the authority to summons both parties to appear before him and take their statements in writing, and under oath, and having ascertained which party is, in his judgment, mainly responsible and blameworthy for the continuance of said con- troversy or dispute, shall publish a report in some daily newspaper assigning such responsibility or blame over his official signature.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted, That for the purpose of the in- vestigation as aforesaid, the chief of the said Bureau of Industrial Sta- tistics or such person as he may deputize in writing as aforesaid, shall have power to administer oaths, to issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses, and to enforce the attendance of witnesses, production of papers and books, to the same extent that power is possessed by courts or record or judges thereof in this State.
Sec 8. And be it further enacted, That all information of a personal character or pertaining to the private business of any person, firm or corporation, or which might have a tendency to expose the profits or methods of doing business by any person, firm or corporation com- ing to the knowledge of the chief of the said Bureau of Industrial Statistics or person deputized by him, or to the arbitrators selected under the aforesaid provisions, shall be deemed confidential and so treated, and all documents and testimony taken shall be sealed and filed in the office of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics.
Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That all Acts inconsistent with this Act be, and the same are hereby repealed.
Sec. 10. And be it further enacted. That this Act shall take effect from the date of its passage.
INDUSTRIAL.
COST OF LIVING, WAGES, LABOR ORGANIZATIONS, STRIKES, ETC.
Much has been written about the rise in wages and the in- creased cost of living. No one disputes the latter fact. But many dispute the amount of increase of wages. According to the reports of the National Bureau of lyabor, issued in the bulletin of November, 1903, the increased cost of living in 1902, as compared with the year of lowest prices since igooj has been about 16. i per cent. This is the scientific deduction from figures gathered in a scientific way; but we venture the assertion that any housekeeper in the land will insist that when she goes to market or to the dressmaker the prices she will have to pay are much more than 16 per cent, above what she paid in 1892. The report also shows that the average in- come runs from $700 upward to $89 1 , and it does not need much stretch of imagination to understand that this range of income is much higher than would result from an investigation into the incomes of the entire working population of the country. Of course this increased cost of living of 16 per cent, is suffi- cient to justify an increase of wages of equal amount to keep the working people anywhere near the same relative position they occupied before the rise in the cost of living; but if we take into consideration the fact that with this rise in prices and wages (the latter admittedly not over 10 per cent.), there is also a rise in the standard of living and an increase in the growing wants of the people, it will plainly be seen that the wage increase is inadequate.
Without attempting to criticize the figures or methods of the National Bureau, or differ with its conclusions as to the increased cost of living, it is manifestly fair that attention be called to the statements made in the eleventh annual report of this Bureau. Therein it was stated that the figures gathered
H REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
in this city showed a much greater increase in the prices of products than is shown in the national report; but, of course, the inquiry was more limited, and among those whose in- comes were much smaller than shown by the average of those in the national report. It would be interesting to enlarge this field of inquiry as to the rise and fall of prices and wages, and as far as possible secure data more satisfactory than any now possessed by the general public.
In the last six months a reaction has set in in the industrial world, and already the papers tell us of reduction in wages without corresponding reductions in the prices of products. Of course, Maryland has not suffered very much as yet from the reaction. Always last to feel the upward tendency in prices, our people are equally loth to cut wages, and it is to be hoped before any such necessity arises the spring will have again opened with industrial and building activity.
As an index to the fluctuation of retail prices in Baltimore markets, we present in the following table a few comparative figures of such prices in Baltimore in January, April, October and December of 1903.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
15
AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES IN MARKETS IN BALIMORE, 1903.
Artici.es.
Fruit—
Oranges, per dozen
Pineapples, piece
Apples, peck
Vegetables —
Cabbage, per head
Lettuce, per head
White Potatoes, per peck. Sweet Potatoes, per peck.
Carrots, bunch
Turnips, peck
POUT.TRY —
Roasting Fowls, per lb
Frying Chickens, per lb...,
Ducks, per lb
Turkeys, per lb
Butter and Eggs.
Fresh Eggs, per dozen
Packed Eggs, per dozen... Butter, per lb
MEAT—
Porterhouse Steak, per lb
Sirloin Steak, per lb
Round Steak, per lb
Rib Roast, per lb
Chuck Roast, per lb
Corn Beef, per lb
Soup Meat, per lb
Veal — Roast
Veal— Cutlets
Veal — Chops
Fish —
Perch — White, per dozen. Perch — Yellow, per dozen
Salmon, per lb
Rock, per lb
Cents
25 22
45
5K
30
30
5
20
13 15 16 16
32 23 30
25 17 14 17 9
ID
7 13 22 16
25 25 20 16
•n
Cents
40
22>^
55
6K 7K
25
40
5
18 20
16
27
25 18
14 18 II II 9 ^
I2>^
25
15
45
25 20
Cents
45 18
35
5'A 4 28
30
5
25
16
i7 18
28
23 28
22 17 13 17 10 10
9
I2>^
25 15
60
15
Cents
35 25 37
6
7>^ 30 30
5 20
15 16
17 19
37% 28
35
22
17 13 17 10 10 9
I2>
25
15
60 50
NEW LEGISLATION.
During the past year the Bureau has been actively engaged in performing the work laid out in the larger sphere by the legislation of two years ago. The Employment Agency and Sweat-Shop Act. and the investigation into the conditions surrounding women and children in the factories and work- shops, in addition to numerous other small duties, has fully occupied our attention, but not so much as to obscure the very general demand for specific information as to wages and the cost of living.
In previous reports of the Bureau we have presented data and tables showing to what extent wages had increased and hours of labor decreased, as well as the great increased cost of living.
According to the figures recently published b}^ the United States Department of Labor and the various State Bureaus, this increase of wages, though general throughout the country, is not as great as has been generally exploited by the news- papers, and the following tables, culled from various sources and collated in the New York Labor Bulletin of December, 1903, will prove of interest and value for reference.
In examining the following figures it should be remembered that they are taken under circumstances peculiar to the indus- tries, most of the schedules being from organized workingmen in the best equipped shops, working under the best conditions, and that they do not indicate the actual conditions of the vast army of unorganized and unskilled labor, comprising the bulk of the 20,000,000 workers of the country.
THE TREND OF WAGES IN RECENT YEARS.
The recent report of the United States census office on wages of factory operatives in 1890 and 1900 alludes to the inevitable incompleteness of statistics for such widely separated periods ; in view of which, the following statistics of wages in the last decade have been collated from the reports of State bureaus of labor statistics. To supplement these figures two tables are also given containing statistics published by Federal bureaus and covering agriculture, manufacturing and transportation.
r6
STA'J'ISTICS AND' INFORM A'l'ION. 1 7
WAGES IN TIJE UNITED STATES.
|
Maniikacturinc; AND Mining. [iJasfd on reports from 14H establishments in 26 industries, represent- iuif 192 occupations.] 1891 taken as 100. |
AOKICULTITRAT-. [Relative waues of farm labor, per month without board.] 1891=100. 98.6 lOO.O |
|
lOO.O 100.3 99-32 98.06 97.88 97-93 98.96 98.79 101.54 |
|
|
102.6 95-4 95.1 |
|
|
104.2 108.7 |
Year.
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899 ■
1900 103.43 "
Railroad Transportation (a).
AVERAGE daily COMPENSATION OF SPECIFIED CLASSES OF EMPLOYEES IN
Classes of Employes. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897.
General officers [ ^^ n, ^n ^^ fe 71 $9 01 $9 19 $9 54
§?h=Toffifers"!;::::;: i tin iszo
5 75 5 85 5 96 5 12
General office clerks... 2 23 2 25 2 34 2 19 221 2 18
Station agents i 82 i 83 i 75 i 74 i 73 i 73
Other station men i 68 i 65 i 63 i 62 i 62 i 62
Enginemen 3 68 3 68 3 61 3 65 3 65 3 65
Firemen 2 08 2 06 2 03 2 05 2 06 2 05
Conductors 3 08 3 10 3 04 3 04 3 05 3 07
Other trainmen i 90 i 92 i 89 i 90 i 90 i 90
Machinists 2 29 2 31 2 21 2 22 2 26 2 23
Carpenters 2 08 2 10 2 02 2 03 2 03 2 01
Other shopmen i 72 i 73 i 69 i 70 i 69 i 71
Section foremen i 76 t 75 i 71 i 70 i 70 i 70
Other trackmen i 22 i 22 i 18 i 17 i 17 i 16
Switchmen, flaginen,
watchmen i 80 i 82 i 75 i 75 i 74 i 72
Telegraph operators
and dispatchers i 92 i 96 i 93 i 98 i 93 i 90
Employes — account
floating equipment... 2 03 i 96 i 97 i 91 i 94 i 86 All other employes
and laborers i 68 i 70 i 65 i 65 i 65 i 64
a Based on the reports of the statistician of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
i8
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OE
Railroad Transportation (a) — Con.
General officers
Other officers
General office clerks.
Station agents
Other station men....
Enginemen
Firemen
Conductors
Other trainmen
Machinists
Carpenters
Other shopmen
Section foremen
Other trackmen
Switchmen, flagmen,
watchmen
Telegraph operators
and dispatchers
Employes — account
floating equipment All other employes
and laborers
Total
|
No. of |
||||||
|
Employes?. |
||||||
|
1898. |
1899. |
1900. |
1901. |
1902. |
1902. |
|
|
$9 73 |
|io 03 |
|io 45 |
$10 97 |
Jll |
17 |
4,816 |
|
5 21 |
5 18 |
5 22 |
5 56 |
5 |
60 |
5.039 |
|
2 25 |
2 20 |
2 19 |
2 19 |
2 |
18 |
37,570 |
|
I 73 |
I 74 |
I 75 |
I 77 |
I |
80 |
33.478 |
|
I 6i |
I 60 |
I 60 |
I 59 |
I |
61 |
105.433 |
|
3 72 |
3 72 |
3 75 |
3 78 |
3 |
84 |
48,318 |
|
2 09 |
2 10 |
2 14 |
2 16 |
2 |
20 |
50,651 |
|
3 13 |
3 13 |
3 17 |
3 17 |
3 |
21 |
35.070 |
|
I 95 |
I 94 |
I 96 |
2 00* |
2 |
04 |
91.383 |
|
2 28 |
2 29 |
2 30 |
2 32 |
2 |
36 |
39.145 |
|
2 02 |
2 03 |
2 04 |
2 06 |
2 |
08 |
51,698 |
|
I 70 |
I 72 |
I 73 |
I 75 |
I |
78 |
136,579 |
|
I 69 |
I 68 |
I 68 |
I 71 |
I |
72 |
35.700 |
|
I 16 |
I 15 |
I 22 |
I 23 |
I |
25 |
281,075 |
|
I 74 |
I 77 |
I 80 |
I 74^ |
I |
77 |
50,489 |
|
I 92 |
I 93 |
I 96 |
I 98 |
2 |
01 |
28,244 |
|
I 89 |
I 89 |
I 92 |
I 97 |
2 |
00 |
7,426 |
|
I 67 |
I 68 |
I 71 |
I 69 |
I |
71 |
147,201 |
1.189,315
^Switching train crews transferred from "Switching," etc., to "Other Trainmen." Change slightly affects enginemen, etc.
STATISTICS AND INl'ORMATION.
19
CALIFORNIA. < Ninth and Tenth Biennial Reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.)
PREVAILING RATE OP WAGES PER DAY.
OCCUPATION.
fakers
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Boilermakers
Bookbinders
Brewers
Bricklayers
Carpenters
Cigartnakers
Coatniakers
Conductors, rail- way
Coopers
Engineers, locomo- tive
Engineers, station- ary
Hodcarriers
Horseshoers
Ironworkers
Jewelers
Laborers
Lathers.
Longshoremen
Machinists
Miners
Molders
Painters
Patternmakers
Plasterers
Plumbers
Printers
Quarrymen
Shoemakers
Stair builders
Stevedores
Street car men
Teamsters
Upholsterers
Wagonmakers
"Woolen mill work- ers (male)
Woolen mill work- ers (female)
1884. $2 50-4 00
50-4 00 00-3 GO 00-4 00
50-3 50
00-5 00
00-4 00
25-3 00 25
3 50
2 50-3 50
4 50
00-5 00 50-3 00 50-4 00 50-3 50 50 75-2 00 50-3 00 00-4 00
50-3 50 00-4 00 3 00-4 50
3 00-4 00
2 25-4 00
4 00-5 00
3 00-4 00 50-4 50 00-2 50 00-4 00 50-5 00 00-4 00 00
oo-i 50 00-5 00 75-3 75
2 00-3 00 I 50-1 75
1896.
$2 50
2 50
4 00
2 75 2 50
3 75
4 30
3 00
2 70
3 00 3 25 3 00 3 00
2 75 2 50
1900. 2 ooa
2 00
3 25 3 50
00 80 00 50
25 00
3 75
3 00
4 30
50 00
75
75
50
00-2
00
60
25 00
25 50 50 00 00 00 50
75 00 70 40 50 00
75
I 25
50
1902.
$2 75 2 50
25 25 00 00 00 50 50 00
3 75 2 75
4 50
50
50
25
50
00
75-2 50
00
25 00
25 50 50 00 00 50 00 50 00 60 50 00 25 75
I 50
a Including board.
20
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
CONNECTICUT.
(From the Eighteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1902, page 114.) Average Earnings of Factory Operatives.
1896
1897
189S
1S99
1900
1901
1902
Note. — No statement is made in the Report as to the manner in which the number of emplo3'ees in each year has been calculated.
|
Yearly. |
Daily. |
|
P451 75 |
$1 50. |
|
421 88 |
I 41 |
|
437 18 |
I 55 |
|
420 06 |
I 40 |
|
452 04 |
I 52 |
|
441 53 |
I 51 |
|
458 52 |
I 54 |
ILLINOIS.
(From the Eleventh Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1900.)
Statistics Compiled from Reports of 627 Identical Manufacturing Establishments.
|
Average number of wage-workers employed. |
Aggregate wages. $9,800,033 10,335,919 13,876,259 |
Average annual earnings. I436 22 438 58 475 77 |
In- crease |
|
|
Year. 1895 1897 1899 |
Male. 20,056 21,059 25,804 |
Female. 2,410 2,508 3,362 |
Total. 22,466 23,567 29,166 |
cent. 0-5 8.5 |
IOWA.
(From the Tenth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
1901-2, page 449.)
|
Establish- ments. .. 1,752 .. 1,625 .. 1,285 .. 1,627 |
Average number of employes |
Aggregate wages. 117,369,662 19,623,892 21,145,961 26,654,504 |
Nominal annual averag'e. I352 71 354 03 413 20 434 80c |
||
|
Year. 1896 1898 1900.... 1902 |
Men. 40,854 45,006 41,893 47,857 |
Women. 7,732 9,800 9,281 11,812 |
Child'n. 687 623 2,630 |
Total. 49,273 55,429 51,175 62,2996 |
a Not separately reported.
b No age account reported for 996 of this number; hence 996 is to be deducted in calculating average income.
c The nominal annual average earnings of adult males in 1901 were $501.91; of adult females, $241.40; of children under 16 years, $122.85..
STA'JiS'l'JCS AND INI'ORM A'I'IfJX.
MARYLAND.
Eleventh Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics anrl Infonnation, 1902, pages 6-7.)
DaiivY Rate of Wages in —
OCCUPATIONi
Biti/d'g- Trades: 1S90. 1893. 1S95. 1891 1899. 1900. 1901. 1902.
Bricklayers... $^ 00 I3 60 I3 00 $3 00 fo 25 $3 25 I3 60 |4 00
Carpenters... 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50
Hodcarriers.. 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 25 2 00 2 25 2 25 2 50
Laborers i 25 i 25 i 25 1 25 i 25 i 25 i 25 i 25
Painters
(house) 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50
Plasterers 3 00 3 00 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50 3 50
Plumbers 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50
Roofers I 75 I 75 I 75 I 75 I 75 r 75 i 75 i 75
Railway Shop
ll'oikers: Blacksmiths. 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 2 20 Boilermak'rs 2 00 2 00 2 00 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 Cabinetmak- ers I 80 T 85 I 85 2 00 2 GO 2 00 2 GO 2 00
Carpenters... i 80 i 80 i 80 i 95 i 95 i 95 . i 95 i 95
Copp'rsmiths i 85 i 85 i 85 2 og 2 00 2 go 2 og 2 og
Laborers i 20 i 20 i 20 i 20 i 20 i 20 i 25 i 25
Machinists... i 95 2 05 2 05 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 30 2 30
Holders i 90 i 90 i 90 2 ig 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 10
Painters I 85 i 85 i 85 2 00 2 og 2 00 2 gg 2 00
Pattern m a -
kers 2 25 2 25 2 25 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50 2 50
Tinners i 85 i 85 i 85 2 go 2 go 2 go 2 go 2 00
Irontuoi keis:* Architectural
ironwork'rs i 66 i 60 i 60 i 60 i 66 i 66 i 66 i 66
Steamfitters.. i 75 i 75 i 85 i 75 i 75 i 75 i 85 i 85
*In this establishment blacksmiths received $2 each year ; carpeiiters, $2; laborers, $1.25; machinists, $2; iron molders. $2.75; molders' helpers, $1.25; painters, $2.50; pattern makers, $2.75; sheet ii-on workers, $2; and stove mounters, $1.75.
22
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
MASSACHUSETTS.
(From the Annual Reports of the Bureau of vStatistics of Lal)or on Statistics of Manufactures.)
Note. — In order to preserve an accurate basis for comparisons the Bureau each year omits establishments that did not report in the pre- ceding 3'ear. To illustrate: In 1901 the Bureau reported the average earnings of all employees in factories that made comparative returns in igoo and 1901 to be $449.63, as stated in the first column. But in the 1902 report, the factories reporting were not precisely the same as those included in the preceding year and a new average income was computed for 1901 — namely $449.69, as stated in the second column — which, compared with 1902 average, revealed a gain of $10.29 in the last mentioned year. As a general rule, little variation is to be noticed in the two averages for any one year.
Year. 1886.... 1887....
1888. 1889.. 1890.
1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897., 1898.. 1899.. 1900., 1901., 1902.,
Year.
1899..,
1900..,
I901..,
1902...
AVERAGE ANNUAL
EARNINGS AS
STATED IN THE
REPORT OF THE —
Current year.
I396 14 402 45 419 17
433 56 441 90 452 21
434 17 421 81 421 59 425 16 421 69 421 48 427 71 439 57 449 63 459 98
Next
.succeeding:
year.
I395 89 394 79 413 19 426 82
437 93
445 49
450 59
436 13
412 56
425 39
426 66 422 26 419 91
427 60 441 61 449 69
INCREASE OR DECREA.SE IN AVER.AGE YEARLY EARNINGS.
Percentasre.
Gain.
$0 25 7 66
5 98
6 74
3 97 6 72
9 03
7 80 II 97
8 02 10 29
I,oss.
Gain.
0.06
I.Q4 1-45 1.58 0.91
I<o.ss.
Average number of days worked.
$16 42 14 32
23
4 97
78
296.78
I-5I 297.14
3-64 277.36
3-28 275.63
2.19 291.42
0.05 279.43
1. 16 283.33
0.18 286.28
1.86 294.14
2.80 290.43
1.82 292.78
2.29 296.09
Estimated Average Yearly Earnings of —
Minors
Adult Adult (under 21
males. females. years of age.)
I523 34 I324 72 $219 34
530 82 334 70 228 33
542 23 342 68 231 85
552 66 353 36 244 24
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
23
NEW YORK.
Explanatory Note. — The following table gives the results of two separate investigations which are not strictly comparable. The first investigation, made in 1896, shows that after the middle of 1892 wages declined. The second investigation, covering 3,553 identical establish- ments, reveals a slight fall in wages between 1895-96 and 1896-97. After the middle of 1897, employment and wages increased in a strik- ing manner, and this very increase renders it difficult to calculate an average annual wage. The statistics indicate that the total amount paid out in wages by the 3,553 manufacturers between July i, 1897, and July i, 1898, was $151,279,010; but at the beginning of the period they were paying wages to 304.376 workers and at the end to 326,090. It is therefore obviously incorrect to call either $464 ($151,279,010 divided by 326,090) or $497 (the same amount divided by 304,376) the average yearly earnings. The fact is no satisfactory method has yet been discovered of computing the average income, when the number of employees fluctuate in this way; the least objectionable method of calculation on the basis of these figures is to divide the total wages by mean number of employees, 315,233 (one-half the sum of 304,376 and 326,090), which yields an average wage of $480. Similar calculations ■ for 1897 and 1899 yield the averages $459 and $477, as expressed in brackets.
Annual Wages of Persons Employed in Manufacturing Industries.
(From Fourteenth and Seventeenth Annual Reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1896 and 1899.)
Crude average Persons wage of persons employed employed at Total amount paid in Firms on June 1 end of each
wages in year ended — concerned. (or June 30). annual period.
May 31, 189I $93,257,541 1. 721 200,333 I466
May 31, 1892 100,616,011 1,824 215,830 466
May 31, 1893 109.073,849 1,986 236,908 460
May 31, 1894 99,052,129 2,154 225,137 440
May 31, 1895 110,427,159 2,290 253,139 436
June 30, 1896 141,184,845 3,553 299,957 471
June 30, 1897 138,577,878 3,553 304,376 455 [*459]
June 30, 1898 151,279,010 3,553 326,090 464 [f48o]
June 30, 1899 162,645,649 3,553 356,278 457 [U77]
Since 1897 the New York Bureau has collected statistics of actual earnings of wage workers through the officers of workingmen's organ- izations, reaching in this way 150 wage earners where one could have been reached by means of individual schedules. As a large proportion of the members of trade unions are well-paid artizans and mechanics of the building trades, their earnings of course average much higher than those of factory employees already given. The New York statistics are based on quarterly reports collected twice a year, and thus cove one-half of each year.
^$138,577,878 divided by 302,166, the mean of 299,957 and 304,376. f$i5i, 279,010 divided by 315,233, the mean of 304,376 and 326,090. :}:$i62, 645,649 divided by 341,184, the mean of 326,090 and 356,278,
24
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
Average Earnings of Organized Workingmen, 1897-1903.
Year.
1S97
1S98
i^'^qg
1900
1901
1902
1903
|
Januar.N- |
July- |
|
March. |
Scptemb |
|
$145 |
I174 |
|
164 |
175 |
|
172 |
197 |
|
176 |
182 |
|
183 |
194 |
|
184 |
197 |
|
186 |
190 |
191
188
Estimated Average for average for three months, one vear.
$163 169 187 179 iSq
678
747 716
756 765
753
Estimated
number of
day.s of
employment
in year.
254
.255
I 273
265
274 278 278
PENNSYLVANIA.
(From the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Annual Reports of the Bureau
of Industrial Statistics, 1901 and 1902, pages 258 and 392,
respectively.)
Year. 1892.. 1893.. 1894.. 1895.. 1896.. 1897.. 1898.. 1899.. 1900.. 1901.. 1902..
RETURNS FROM 5S4 ESTABLISHMENTS.
RETURNS FROM 771 ESTABLISHMENTS.
Employes. 136,882 122,278
109,383 127,361 118,092 121,281
137,985 154.422 136,814 156,424
Avera.c:e
yearly
earnings.
J49I 90 464 66 413 15 445 78 441 29 429 90
454 52 506 27
509 43 544 80
Yearly gain (-)-) . or loss ( — ) .
$27 24— 51 51 — 32 63+ 4 49— II 39- 24 62+
51 75+
3 16+
35 37+
Average Yearly yearly gain (+). Per cent. Employes, earnings, or loss ( — ). increa.se.
129,240 $382 47
134,918 150,990 173.302 184,623
191. 153 203,927
384 14 401 89
437 37 439 97 450 44 482 68
|i 67+ 17 75+ 35 48+ 2 60+ 10 47+ 32 24+
.4 4.6 88
.6
2.4 7.2
RHODE ISLAND.
(From the Annual Reports of the Bureau of Industrial Statistics.) , Wages in the Textile Industries, 1893-1901.
1893.. 1894..
1895- 1896.. 1897.. 1898.. 1899.. 1900.. 1901..
AVERAGE ANNUAL
EARNINGS AS
STATED IN THE
REPORT OF THE —
Current Follovi^ing year. year.
INCREASE OR DECREASE.
Percentage.
Gain.
Loss.
$327 33 363 73 313 69 337 22
'■"329 23 347 07 376 57 384 89
$364 62
324 41 I37 29
339 97 l39 32
319 20 26 28
*336 13 18 02
329 75 348 71 378 II
17 32
27 86
6 78
90
Gain.
5 65
5 25 7 99 I 79
Loss.
10 23
7 73 2 05
Number
N of reports
tabulated.
121 123 135 135 151 175 186 188
Note. — The average number of employees in the 188 factories con- sidered in 1900-1901 was 47,600 in 1900 and 48,600 in 1901 ; and their aggregate wages were $17,998,136 and $18,707,183, respectively.
^Corrected figures.
STATISTICS AND INI-'ORM A'I'ION.
25
WISCONSIN.
"(From Ninth Biennial Report of the Bureau of Labor and Industrial
Statistics, 1899- 1900, pages 235-238.)
AviiKAGiv Annuat, Earnings in Factokiks, 1883-97.
Year.
1883...
1885..
1887..,
1888..,
1889..,
1890..,
189I..,
1892..,
1893...
1894...
1895...
1896...
1897...
Avfiage
number
employes.
39.3^0 3«.797 62,935 71,218 80,504 80,880 94,089 90,936 96,540 83,642
85,767 80,051
87,534
Total watce.s 114,268,213 13,710,417 23,710,866 28,416,694 32,575,944 33,125,213 38,023,247 38,295,878 37,327,810 31,409,244
32,993,707 31,749,822 36,583,044
Average yearly earnings, $363 354 377 399 405 410 404 426 381 376 384 397 418
Yearly
gain (+)
or loss ( — ).
23+ 22-j-
6+
5+ 6—
22-f-
45—
5—
8+
13+ 21+
(From the Tenth Biennial Report, 1900-igoi.)
Year. 1899... 1900... 1900... 1901...
Average
number
employes.
79,871 80,159 78,632 82,775
Total
wages.
^31,515,194
32,983,769
32,378,588
34,863,674
Average
yearly
earnings.
I394 58 )
411 48 \
412 00 I 422 00 J
Yearly gain (-|-) or loss (^)
$16 90+ 10 00+
Percentage Of Factory Employees Whose Daiev Wages Were-
51.50 or over.
Year. 1888.... 189I.... 1893.... 1894.... 1895.... 1896.... 1897....
IvCSS than $1. 17.06 15-32 16.00 18.67 18.33 18.55 19. 77
4925 5456 52.67 4389 4340 45.07 43-40
26 RKl'URT OF THE BUREAU OF
STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS.
As is always the case in years of general prosperity, with the growth of labor organizations, increase in rents, coal and food, come strenuous efforts on the part of the various organ- izations to better the condition of their members by securing increased wages, less hours of work, etc. These efforts and demands on employers sometimes result in concessions, and in other cases in contests, which are often protracted and costly. The upward trend of prices in the past five years having already had its effect on the cost of living, the workers felt that there should be a corresponding increase in their wages. That this has only been partly so need not be repeated here.
The industrial activity of 1897 to 1902 had culminated and the reaction natural thereto set in before the workers had secured the full fruition of organization. It is to be hoped that the reaction will not cause such reductions in wages in 1904 as to bring about more industrial conflicts.
The strikes in Maryland in 1903 were not only as numerous as in 1902, but they affected more people, involved more loss in w^ages and brought about greater results altogether to the work people. The per capita loss in wages was about $300 as against $205 in 1902. There was 6,310 persons employed in the industries where the troubles occurred in 1903, as against 3,984 in 1902, and the number of employees for whom the strikes were undertaken was 4,117 in 1903 as against 3,016 in 1902. The number of employees on strike in 1902 was 2,511, while 2,972 were on strike in 1903, and 3,047 were thrown out of work in 1902 as against 2,992 in 1903. Altogether the strikes of 1903 increased in benefits to the workers in some respects, but decreased in others.
There is no doubt that the strike of the carpenters involved the largest number of men, and brought about greater and more radical results than that of any strike of the year, as it cemented
STATISTICS AND INI^ORMATION. 27
the carpenters* organizations, increased their membership and brought about a solidification of the builders and contractors.
In the table that follows it will be found that twenty-nine strikes or lockouts are reported for 1903, as against twenty- nine in 1902. Of these, twenty-six were strikes and three were lockouts by the employers. Twenty-three of these took place in Baltimore city and six in the counties of the State, Most of these strikes were in manufacturing industries, and only one or two in the building trades, thus showing where labor is well organized and have annual agreements with employers few strikes obtain and better conditions exist both for the employed and the employer.
Fifteen of these strikes were for increased pay or reduced hours of labor.
Six thousand three hundred and ten people were employed by the concerns in which these strikes occurred and 4,117 persons were to be benefited by the strike of 2,972 persons.
The table shows ^at 2,972 persons went on strike, and that 305 were brought from other places to this State to take the place of the strikers, and 299 of the new hands were retained after the strikes were settled.
It is almost impossible to ascertain fully the loss in wages and the loss to the employers consequent upon the strikes. The employees keep no data of what money is paid out, or at least they often refuse to give these figures, and the employers rarely, if ever, consent to furnish the information desired on this point. However, we estimate the loss in wages consequent upon the twenty-nine strikes and lockouts as $189,178,
Of these twenty-nine strikes, twenty-three were ordered by organizations, six were not and three were lockouts. Of these, fifteen were successful or partly so. Of those ordered by organized labor, twenty-three in number, thirteen were suc- cessful or partly successful, six were unsuccessful and four are pending.
The advantages gained were varied : in five cases there were reductions in the hours of labor consequent upon the strike, and in eight of the strikes the establishments were closed in consequence and five partly closed. Twelve of these strikes
28 RIvPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
were settled by agreement, two by concessions on the part of the. employer, one was called off by the organization, and the balance were not settled at all. [See Strike Table ]
STRIKE OF CLOAK MAKERS.
Fifteen men, employed as cloak makers by Nassanowitz & Schiff. went on strike in November, 1902, and the strike was carried along until January 27, 1903. The cause of the strike was a demand for an increase of fifteen per cent, in wages. The strike was ordered by the Cloak Makers' Union No. 4. It was finally settled successfully by agreement and by an increase of wages.
TAILORS' STRIKE.
Thirty members of Garment Workers' LTnion No. 7, em- ployed by Louis Richter, went on strike January 25, because one of their number was discharged. After being out four weeks a settlement was effected by Mr. Richter agreeing to pay $300 and signing a contract for si^ months, providing- that he would not discharge any member of the union until the cause for such discharge had been passed on by the union. He also agreed to abide by union rules governing the shop.
STRIKE OF THE LAUNDRY WORKERS. On January 21 the shirt-ironers employed by E. Rosenfeld & Co. made a demand for one cent increase per shirt for iron- ing. The firm positively refused to pay the same, claiming that the ironers were earning from $15 to $16 per week the year round. About seventy-six of them struck, and after being out of work for about two weeks, returned on their own accord. The strike was unsuccessful and the table shows the loss by same.
BOILERMAKERS' STRIKE. The employees of the Spedden Ship Building Company, on February 13^ went on strike for fifty cents increase per day for work on old boats. The strike was largely due to a mis- understanding, and after being out three days, the men returned to work at old prices. The loss to the firm was about $40 a day, seventy-five men being out.
STIBIICES .A.iT33 LOdCOTT'TS,
2,sa p
STATISTICS AND INFCjRMATION. 29
MILK DRIVERvS' STRIKE.
The drivers for the Filston I'arm Dairy. U) the number of thirty-five, w^ent on strike February 16, because the manager wanted one of their number to teach his route and business to a new man. The man refused to do this, and all of the drivers sustained him in his refusal, with the result that the strike took place. About a week later most of the men were replaced by new hands. The men belonj:^ed to no organization.
STRIKE OF HAT AND CAP MAKERS.
Ten men employed by Messrs. Robinson, \'allenstein & Co. went on strike March 15 for an increase of wag'es and union scale in the shop. The strike was settled on March 22 suc- cessfully for the men, resulting in an increase of five cents per dozen in the making of hats and caps. The union was recog- nized and an agreement therewith made by the firm. There were about $150 dollars loss in wages to the men.
A strike also took place in this shop in the middle of last March, which lasted one week. It was settled by agreement, the shop being closed during that time.
Another difficulty occurred here on June 26 and lasted until June 30, but it also was settled satisfactorily.
STRIKE OF CARPENTERS. In the year 1902^ when the Building Trades' Section of the Federation of Labor, particularly the carpenters, made an effort to secure a reduction of hours of labor and an increase of wages, a settlement was effected with the understanding that in the year 1903 the demand would be made for eight hours and $3.00 a day. With this object in view the Business Agent of the carpenters, Mr. George G. Griffin, bent every energy toward the complete organization of the carpenters in Balti- more city, and where there had been only three organizations of carpenters prior to this year, through his well-directed ef- forts four more unions were organized in that trade, and the District Council of Carpenters was a unit in 1903, with its membership of upwards of 2,000, in demanding a minimum wage of $3.00 per day for eight hours.
30 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF '
Another unique feature resulting from the demand of the carpenters was the adoption of a card system by the Master Builders' Association, which card was inscribed with the name and trade of the employee and the dail}- wages he received and stamped with the seal of the Association. The particular object of this card system being to inform the con- tractors and members of the Association just what was paid to the mechanics by those employing them.
One of the first steps taken early in the year to make this strike of the building trades successful was the formation of the building Trades' Section of the Federation of Labor, with a constitution to operate the card system. Included in this sec- tion were the following organizations : Machinists, Architectu- ral Iron Workers, Bricklayers, Carpenters. Electrical Workers, Granite Cutters, Marble Cutters, Plasterers, Steam Engineers, Tile Layers, Tin and Sheet Iron Workers, Painters, Decora- tors and Paper Hangers, Plumbers and Steam Fitters. This very strong combination, it was hoped, would be strong enough to combat the Master Builders' Association and the contractors generally, but the refusal of several of the organizations to obey the order to strike or to agree upon a plan of action before the strike was ordered, resulted largely in its disruption.
On March 24, a meeting of the Master Builders' Association was held and the new constitution read. The important clauses to the employee being, first, an apprentice clause, requiring four years' service and a clause requiring that each employee shall procure a certificate from his last employer before being employed by a member of the association, and resulting from this latter clause came the Master Builders' card system. The following resolutions were also adopted at this meeting and included as part of the by-laws of the Association :
WhKrEas, Owing to the general demands in this and other large cities of the country, among the mechanics engaged in the building trades, we, the master builders of Baltimore city, desire to harmonize, as far as possible, all differences of opinion in reference to hours of labor among workmen; and whereas the journeymen house carpenters have adopted eight hours as a legal day's work, and as the sense of the meeting of the master builders in July, 1902, was as follow:
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 3 1
"That on and after May r, 1903, we will adopt eight hours as a legal day's work for carpenters at a minimum rate of $2.75 per day;" there- be it
Resolved by the Master- Builders' Association of Baltimore City, That we hereby adopt eight hours as a legal day's work for carpenters, at the rate of $275 per day. This to go into effect on and after May I, 1903.
Resolved, That while we do not discourage trade organizations, but rather encourage them, we will not be dictated to by any organization of labor as to whom we shall employ in our business in any capacity. In order that we may be more fully understood by those we may employ, the following resolutions are adopted :
Resolved, That we, the master builders, will further state that we are unalterably opposed to any card system that will in any way abridge the rights and liberties of ourselves or any workman in our employ, or who wishes to be employed by us, or any person or persons that may be employed by us as sub-contractors, or in any capacity whatever. ever.
Among those present at the meeting were Messrs. Walter Burham, C. S. M. Williamson, Milton C. Davis, George Pierson, T. B. Stanfield, Elmer Stanfield, Edward Watters, Edward Brady, Fred Walsh, John Smith, J. Henry Miller, Conrad Kratz, John W. Kratz, Arthur Brown, William T Murphy, George Bunnecke, Henry S. Rippel, J. J. Knight, Fred Decker, R. H. Frazier, Clarence Frazier, H. H. Brown, Charles Morrow, Joseph Lamb and Israel Griffith.
The officers of this new association of employers were as follows: President, Jefferson J. Walsh; first vice-president, John Trainor; second vice-president, L. A. Winder; secretary, John M. Hering, and treasurer, John K. Howe. One of the first steps of the new association was to appoint a conciliatory committee, and invite the representatives of the unions to meet said committee and discuss the proposed agreement and demands of the men. Unfortunately, though, the invitation to meet was accepted, the date or time was misunderstood and the builders' representatives waited in vain for the appearance of the unions' representatives.
The first proposition of the Master Builders' Association to their employees in answer to their demands was as follows :
"Eight hours shall constitute a day's work, and owing to our posi- ti^■e knowledge that there is a diff^erence in the quality of workmanship among the mechanics employed by us we would make the scale of
32 RF.PORT OF THE BUREAU OF
wages to be a minimum of $2.75 per day and grade the pay of workmen: according to the quality and ability as displayed among the men em- ployed by us to an amount not exceeding $3.25 per day, and in the event of working two or more shifts of men in any one twenty-four hours, eight hours shall constitute a day's work for each shift at the same minimum pay.''
In answer to the Master Builders' Association's propositioit the unions presented the following proposition :
"Rule I — Eight hours shall constitute a day's work at the minimum rate of $3 per day, with the right to work two shifts of men at straight time and pay, provided that no man who has worked in previous shift be allowed to work in the following shift unless time and half time be allowed.
"Rule 6 — A unanimous decision taken to claim the recognition of the carpenter's card on the work."
The demand was made from the District Council of Carpen- ters to the Master Builders' Exchange, and the notice of such demand was sent them six months prior to May i, 1903. as per the agreement made in 1902. In reply to this demand the Master Builders offered to grant the demand for eight hours a day, but refused to grant the $3.00 a day, offering instead $2.75 per day of eight hours.
Consequent upon this refusal, a strike of the carpenters' seven imions was ordered on May i, 1903, and the strike lasted until May 16. At this time a number of builders, not affiliated with the Master Builders' Exchange, offered to give the $3.00- per day for eight hours.
The terms that they offered, however, were of varied char- acter, and they claimed that they had no right to sign an agree- ment, as they were not members of the Master Builders' As- sociation.
One of the main causes for the refusal of the Master Build- ers' Association to sign the agreement was the demand for a general card system in the building trades, that is, that the Building Trades' Section of the Federation of Labor, compris- ing carpenters, bricklayers, structural iron builders, plumbers, etc., demanded that no one should be employed on a building except those who had cards from some union connected with the building Trades' Section. This the Master Builders' Asso- ciation positively refused.
STATISTICS AND INFfJRM ATKJN. 33
Pending' this controversy, the I>Liilflinf»- Trades' Section of the Federation of Labor separated, and by May i6 nearly all of the leading- builders and a number of contractors granted the $3.00 ])er day and eight hours as a day's work, and sufficient of them had signed the agreement to establish the rate de- manded until May i, 1904.
The largest number of men on strike at any one time was about 400, and not all of them were out at one time, as many of the builders signed the contract almost immediately after the demand was made and work continued.
The general result of the strike, so far as the carpenters were concerned, was to give a great impetus to the organization, resulting in over 2,000 members joining the various unions, and bringing about an esprit de corps among the membership that had not existed in many years.
The following is a copy of the agreement which the carpen- ters requested their employers to sign :
United Brotherhood ot Carpenters and Joiners oe America. Agreement
Between the Master Builders' Association, Boss Builders, Contractors, and District Council, Baltimore and vicinity, Brotherhood of Carpen- ters and Joiners of America, to remain in force from May i, 190. ., to May I, 190. ..
This Agreement, entered into this day of A. D., i. . ., by
and between the Master Builders' Association, Boss Builders, of Baltimore City, party of the first part, and the District Council United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, and the Unions affiliated therewith, party of the second part. Witnesseth :
First. — The party of the first part agrees that will employ as
carpenters none but members of Unions affiliated with District Council, Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Second. — The party of the first part agrees to pay $3.00 per day of eight hours, as a minimum rate of wages.
Third. — The party of the second part agrees that from the date of the signing of this agreement until May i, 190. ., that no strike shall take place, either for an increase of pay or shorter hours.
Fourth. — The party of the first part and the party of the second part agree that in future all agreements shall be made in November prior to the expiration of agreement of May following.
Fifth. — It is agreed that in all matters of dispute, which they are unable mutually to adjust, shall be submitted to an arbitration com-
34 REroRT OF THE BUREAU OF
mittee composed as follows : Three members to be chosen by the builders of Baltimore and three members by the District Council of Carpenters, these to select a seventh member, their decision to be final.
Sixth. — All agreements after the expiration of this agreement shall be for one year and date from May i.
Seventh. — This agreement shall be signed by the Master Builders' Association, or Boss Builders, or Contractors, as the case may be, party of the first part, and by the President and Recording Secretary of the District Council, and the Business Agent, as parties of the second part.
During the strike the city authorities were drawn into the controversy with the strikers, Mr. Preston, Building Inspector, being "requested to refuse to employ any person from outside the city or from unorganized labor. The committee of the Building Trades' Council waited upon Mayor Hayes and called his attention to the ordinance passed April ii, 1898, which pro- hibits any person not a registered voter of the city from work- ing on public buildings. During the controversy between Mr. Preston and the organization, the Building Inspector notified all contractors having work for the city under way, that accord- ing to Ordinace 59, passed in 1902, the men should be paid "such wages as are established at the time of the making of the contract." Plad this been carried out by the contractors a number of men would have had their wages reduced from 25 to 50 cents per day. However, this result was not reached and the speedy termination of the controversy ended this dis- cussion.
At one time during the trouble a general strike was antici- pated of all the building trades in the city, but this was avoided by a compromise settlement, in which the general working card system, which had been demanded by the men, was abandoned and the carpenters finished the struggle single- handed.
Another result of the strike was that friction occurred between the various building trades organizations, which cul- minated later on in the carpenters withdrawing from the Federation of Labor.
This incident was a result of the Bricklayers, Stone Masons and Plasterers' Union refusing to obey the order to strike
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 35
generally when that decision was made by the Building Trades Section of the Federation of Labor. These unions were then turned out of the Building Trades' Section of the Federation and finally the carpenters abandoned that section entirely.
STRIKE IN PRINTING OFFICE. On May i the compositors, eight in number, employed by the Summers Printing Company, who had become members of the Typographical Union a few weeks previous, demanded of their employers a recognition of the union card. The company was paying union wages, and the demand was to enforce union rules and to have what is called a "closed shop," so far as the •compositors were concerned. The eight compositors went on strike on the order of the union and remained out until May 22, at which time the company agreed to recognize the union and the cards held by their employees. The matter was thus settled and a victory gained for the union.
STRIKE OF THE STEAM FITTERS AND HELPERS.
The members of Steam Fitters' Union No. 435 and of Steam Fitters' Helpers' Union No. 438 went on strike on Friday, May ■6, after having made a demand for a working day of eight hours and $3.00 per day for fitters and $2.00 per day for ■helpers.
The Master Fitters' Association entered into an agreement with the Fitters' Union in 1902, said agreement being for a minimum wage scale of $2.50 and a work-day of nine hours; the Master Fitters also agreed not to employ any but union men, while the fitters agreed not to strike, but to submit any dif- ferences or disagreements that might arise to an arbitration ■committee. This agreement would have expired on June 3, 1903. When on presentation of a new agreement by the union, the Master Fitters said they would not take up the matter unless the men returned to work, and subsequently, on May 12, the Master Fitters' Association notified the unions that they "had broken their agreement without warrant and that unless the men returned to work by Wednesday, May 13, the firms which were members of the association would request all
36 REPORT OP THE BUREAU OF
their employees to resign from the union and would then put them back to work.
A number of the men stayed out until June i. In the mean- time some of the firms conceded the demands of the men and by June lall had returned to work, either by the signing of an agreement or without any agreement whatever.
It was the concensus of opinion that the strike was ill-advised at the time and it was by no means successful.
STRIKE OF MOLDERS.
The molders employed by the Henry McShane Manufactur- ing Company, to the number of 175, went on strike about April I for an increase of wages and for a better equipment of the shop. This strike was ordered by the Iron Molders' Unions Nos. 19 and 24, and the strike has never been settled, many of tlie men who left having sought employment elsewhere and some few having returned to work.
During the pendency of this strike the Henry McShane Manufacturing Company filed a bill in the United States Cir- cuit Court against the Iron Molders' Unions Nos. 19 and 24, and named a number of the members of those unions in the bill.
The petition for the bill alleged as follows :
That prior to March 30, 1903, the company had been paying their molders 10 per cent, in excess of the standard wage established by the union, when their wages were reduced to the standard wage scale. Eighteen molders, it says, protested at the reduction, but continued to work. The reduction was reported to -the union and on advice of that body they informed the company that unless the wages were restored they would strike, and in combination with others would close up the shops. The wages were not restored, it says, and it was then that the molders and their assistants, whose wages had not been re- duced, proceeded to carry out their threat.
The complainant says it was necessary to reduce the wages of the molders in order to compete with firms in similar business. The strike commenced April 2, 1903, and since that time, the petition says, the strikers have congregated about the shops, and have intimidated and threatened the employees who had remained at work. From the action of the strikers the company says it has been unable to fill contracts and that the threats of the locked-out men are becoming more dangerous and oppressive.
STATISTICS AND INFfJRM ATION. 37
Judge Morris signed an order setting down the hearing for the motion on the injunction for June 13, and it appearing, the court said that there is danger of irrepressible injury being caused to the com- plainant before the hearing unless the defendants are restrained. It is further ordered by the court that the defendants be restrained in any manner whatever from using threats, force, violence, intimidation, ridicule or violent or abusive language toward the workmen employed by the defendant. Furthermore, the order prohibits the strikers from gathering at or about the places of business of the Henry McShane Manufacturing Company and inducing by threats, etc., and of the em- ployees to refuse to perform their duties, following the workmen to ■or from their work, and of establishing pickets near or around the shops.
The strike has never been declared off and the company employed new hands to the number of 145.
The wage loss to the men is reported to be about $30,000 so far.
STRIKE AT SPARROW'S POINT.
The strike in the marine department of the Maryland Steel Company for shorter hours was practically a failure, the company refusing to deal with the union and employing other help. The members of the union on strike were paid $5.00 and $7.00, respectively, by the union.
STRIKES OF BRICKLAYERS AT ANNAPOLIS.
The bricklayers employed on the Naval Academy at Annap- olis, who struck on March 19, went back to work, as the strike was declared off by the Bricklayers' Union on March 24, a settlement having been effected by the vice-president of the Bricklayers' International Union.
The bricklayers employed on the State House annex, who went on strike against the sub-contractor in May last, returned to work, the matter having been settled by the employment of a new sub-contractor. Work had been stopped for about ten days. Mr. J. W. Ringrose, president of the Baltimore Union, was sent down to Annapolis to adjust the matter, and he decided that it was not a matter for interference and that the union men could return to work.
On June 25 some of the hod-carriers employed on the State House annex were discharged for refusing to obey orders,
38 RKPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
and these induced others to quit work with them. They were notified that unless they returned by i o'clock other carriers would be put to work in their places, and all the men returned to work, there being practically no stoppage.
STRIKE OF STRUCTURAL IRON WORKERS.
Owing to the fact that the American Bridge Company, of Pittsburg, broke their agreement with the International Asso- ciation of Bridge and Structural Iron Workers by employing three men in a gang instead of four, and also by sub-letting riveting to non-union men, the members of the local organization. No. i6, located in Maryland, who were working at Ilchester on a bridge, were ordered on strike.
The trouble first started in New York, and extended to Brooklyn, Pittsburg and elsewhere.
The employees of Gilligan Bros., who were working for the Consolidated Gas Company, at the foot of Leadenhall street, also went on strike, but returned to work in a few days.
Most of the men employed at Ilchester were taken to Wash- ington and put to work on the new Willard Hotel.
STRIKE OF THE CARRIAGE AND WAGON WORKERS.
Early in June the members of the Carriage and Wagon Workers' Union made a demand upon their employers for a nine-hour work-day and eight hours on Saturday, with the same scale of wages. The Association of Carriage and Wagon Builders, composed of employers, refused the request, and on June 3 nearly all the employees of the twenty-six firms, to the number of 320, went on strike. The strike lasted until August 28, some of the firms conceding the demands, but the majority of them refusing, and also refusing to recognize the workmen's union.
The statements of the employees and their employers were very wide apart, the men claiming the number as stated above being on strike, while the employers claimed that only 102 men were out.
Mr. Wm. Cameron was the Business Agent of the Carriage and Wagon Workers' Union. A number of the men returned
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 39
to work, and the places of those who remained out on strike were taken by non-union men.
The union claimed that the following firms granted their demands, along with a number of others, who were not reported :
John C. Raum & Son, 303 South Sharp street; Harry Meis- ner, 1106 East Madison street; George Kerchenhofer, Eager and Bond streets ; Marr & Burggraf , 229 Pearl street ; Faethe & Deitz, 205 North street; V. Dicke, 204 North Wolfe street; George Germeten, Pennsylvania avenue and Robert street; George Wilkens, Pratt street and Fremont avenue ; John Miller, 2033 Frederick avenue; John Rheinhard, Frederick avenue; A. Weber, 1014 Hanover street.
The strike was never settled and can only be considered as being partially successful. The members of the union esti- mate that the wage loss aggregated fully $40,000.
STRIKE OF THE BAKERS. On the ist of June the bakers of Baltimore commenced to discuss the questions of higher wages and shorter hours of labor. They were organized in the Hebrew Union No. 209, and in the Bohemian Union No. 326, and the German Union No. 12. After considerable preparation and organization the unions presented the following agreement to their employers with the request that the same be signed and the demands granted :
Journeymen Bakers and Coneectioners' Union, No. 12,
Baltimore, Md.
Agreement.
Whereas, In the past differences and inconveniences have arisen
between bosses and employees, and trade has been interfered with
and strikes and losses to both parties have resulted, and.
Whereas, Both parties are desirous of arriving at a common under- standing and agreement which will prevent such difficulties in the future :
Now, Therefore, this Agreement, entered into this day of
190. .between of Baltimore, Md., party of the first part, and with
Local Union, No. 12, of Baltimore, Md., of the Journeymen Bakers and Confectioners' International Union of x-Vmerica, party of the second part ; Witnesseth :
40 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
The said party of the second part, hereby agrees to protect the said party of the first part against all strikes of the members of the party of the second part, providing the rules below are lived up to, and to grant the party of the first part the use of the labels of the Journeymen Bakers and Confectioners' International Union of America, subject to the further provisions of this agreement, and to furnish such union men as may be necessary to do the work of the first party if possible. The said party of the first part liereby agrees :
First — That he will employ none but members of the Journeymen Bakers and Confectioners' International Union of America belonging to Local Union, No. 12; all men to be engaged through the agency of Local Union No. 12, located at 1011-13 East Baltimore street, Balti- more, Md.
Second — Not to compel any journeyman to board with employer.
Third — Work shall only be allowed six days in the week, and work- ing-time shall not exceed ten hours per day or night. Overtime is only allowed in case of necessity and shall be paid for at the rate of twenty-five cents an hour.
Fourth — Not to employ more than one apprentice to every five men or less.
Fifth — The party of the first part also agrees to place the union label on every loaf of bread made in his bakery —
(a) Said labels to be furnished by the party of the second part at the rate of yYz cents per one thousand labels.
{b) For each bakery there shall be issued as many labels at a time as shall be consumed in two weeks.
(c) The foreman of each department shall have the custody of the labels, and account for same to the party of the second part.
(d) In case of non-compliance with this agreement, the Union re- serves the right to withdraw the labels and its members.
Sixth — No employee shall be allowed to work on the following holidays, viz : New Year, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas, the day-men to have the day and the night-men to have the night of the aforesaid holidays, wages not to be deducted.
Seventh — We will meet any employer who may have a grievance against any man or men.
Eighth — The business agent bearing the credentials from the Bakers LTnion, Local 12, shall be allowed in shop during working hours, pro- vided he applies at the office of employer for admission.
Ninth — The scale of wages shall be as follows : Oven hands and dough-mixers not less than $14.00 per week; bench hands not less than $12.00 per week; jobbers, per day or night, $2.50.
Tenth — Wages to be paid at the end of the week and no money kept back.
STATISTICS AND INi^ORMATlON. 4 1
Eleventh — Where five men or more are employed, the sliding system aiiall be adopted in the dull season, foreman and dough-mixer to be excepted.
Twelfth— And we, the members of the aforesaid union, agree in consideration thereof at all times to assist the party of the first part m every way which may lie in our power to successfully conduct and increase his or their business.
This agreement shall take effect igo. ., and expire 190...
[n witness whereof, the parties have hereunto set their hand and seals the day and year first mentioned above.
As this was refused, about 200 Germans connected with I^cal Union No. 12 quit work on June 7, and they were shortly followed by a number of bakers of different nationalities throughout the city.
The first result of the strike was that three of the large bakeries were compelled to close their doors, and a number of small bakeries throughout the city were also compelled to shut down.
The strike continued until August 8. In the meantime a number of the small bakeries agreed to the demands of the men and some of them signed the agreement. Bread became scarce for a few days during June, but subsequently many of the men returned to work and their wages were increased in some forty shops, mostly smaller ones, and the number of work- ing hours reduced. The strike was finally declared oflf by the unions, after having been only partially, successful. The strike was originally ordered by Bakers and Confectioners' Union No. 12, being the Germans, but was subsequently joined by the other unions. Some disturbances occurred during the strike oi minor importance.
The demands made by the bakers, even if granted, would by no means have brought the wages of the bakers of Baltimore up to the standard of those in Washington, Philadelphia and other cities.
LOCKOUT OF SKIRT MAKERS.
About twenty-one males and females, employed by Messrs. Schiflf & Bloom, in the making of ladies' garments, went on strike June 20, because the firm, so the employees claim, kept t|ieir account books back longer than necessary and refused
42 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OE
to let them know how much wages they had made the previous week, and also because the firm did not pay sufficient wages.
The women employed by this firm organized a union, entitled the Maryland Skirt Makers' Union No. 57.
The. real causes of the strike were quite obscured, the men and women making one statement and the employers another. The men claimed that it was a lockout. The following was given out by a committee of the union at the time :
"This is not a strike by the men and women, but a lockout by the employers. We have been getting from 27 cents to $1.20 for a garment. We asked for an increase in wages of 10 per cent., but have received no answer. We have been getting from $15 to $18 a week, but last week we were given such difficult work that we could not earn but from $6 to $12. An account of the goods we make is kept in books we turn in to the firm every Thursday. We have no uniform wage list, but the firm sets a price on each article. We do not get our books back until the following Tuesday or Wednesday. This is to keep us indebted to the firm for time made between Monday and Tuesday or Wednesday. In order to see wfly wages were so low last week we demanded that the account books be returned Saturday, which was pay day.. This was refused. When we refused to go to work yesterday morning we were ordered out of the building. A committee com- posed of two women and two men of the union and two outsiders investigated our demands and have sustained our position. The statement that we asked the firm to take us back to-day is incorrect."
The difference was never settled, and the loss in wages was estimated to be $2,500. The employers claim that the employ- ees refused to do much work on the new styles the first week, so that they might have an excuse to demand more money for making the garments. The matter was left unsettled.
STRIKE OF MACHINISTS. On April 15, My Maryland Lodge No. 186, International Association of Machinists, presented a demand to their vari- ous employers throughout the city for an advance in wages of twenty-five cents a day. The increase was to go into effect on the 1st of June. Some of the firms immediately notified the Business Agent, Mr. Harry Vollmer, that the increase would be granted. Others positively refused, and on July i the employees of eight different machine shops in the city went on strike. Some of the employers hiid notified their employees
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. ^3
that they would increase their wages even before the demand was presented. Subsequent to July i the demands were granted in two of the eight shops and settlement made. Six chops still remained on strike.
In the shop of Messrs. Murrill & Keizer the men went on strike before July i, because of the failure of the firm to accede to their request, but were ordered back to work by the executive committee of the union, so as to give the firm time to consider the demands.
The demands of the machinists was presented in the follow- ing letter:
Owing to the enormous increase in the price of living — in fact, in almost everything used in the every-day walk of life — it is almost impossible to exist at the present rate of wages. The International Association of Machinists has deemed it advisable to request of all employers of machinists in this city an increase of lo per cent, in wages now paid their employees, to take effect July i, 1903.
We make this request general, as we deem it unjust to ask it of one firm and not the other, especially where they are in competition with each other.
Trusting you will favor us in this request and notify either this office or your employees not later than June 15 of your intention, we remain, respectfully,
William Silverzahn, President. Edwarp V. Wood, Recording Secretary. Harry F. Vollmer, Business Agent.
All of the shops were very busy at the time and this accounts for the ready acquiescence of a large number of the proprietors to the demand of the men. The strike is still on in the six shops above referred to, with very little prospects of settlement. The wage loss to the employees is estimated at about $20,000. The union paid single men who were on strike $7.00 per week and married men $8.00 per week benefits.
SHOE WORKERS' STRIKE.
The employees of A. H. Colmary & Co., who were members of the Boot and Shoe Workers' Union, went on strike July 13. There were about twenty-two of them — all lasters. They wanted an increase of wages, which the firm refused. The men are still out, mostly having gone to work in other .places, and the firm has secured other employees, while some of the old mea
44 REPORT O^ THE BUREAU OF
have returned to work. The firm applied for an injunction restraining the men from interfering with new employees. The men claimed they had to wait all day around the shop — that is, the lasters — and sometimes would only make $6 or $7 per week.
WAREHOUSEMEN'S STRIKE.
On July 1/ about twenty stevedores, employed in unload- ing coffee vessels, quit work because their demand for an increase of wages to the extent of $4.00 per thousand bags was not granted. These men were employed by Capt. Talbot Jones, unloading cargoes for Messrs. C. Morton Stewart & Co. The men said they were paid $16.00 per thousand bags, out of which they were compelled to pay the wages of a man in charge of the engine on the wharf and four truckmen. A number of colored men w^ere employed to take the strikers* places, and so far as can be learned the strike was a failure.
STRIKE AT CURTIS BAY.
On August 6, 475 men and boys, employed by the South Baltimore Car and Steel Company, in building cars at Curtis Bay, went on strike after having demanded from their em- ployers that they be paid off every two weeks instead of monthly and double time for holidays.
It had been the intention of the company's manager to put this system in vogue, but it was reported to the men that the president of the company would not consent to this. The men in the various departments held a joint meeting and decided to make the demand. A number of the men were mem- bers of the Brotherhood of Railway Car Builders' Union No. 197.
According to the statement made by Mr. Henry Diehl, who acted as secretary of the meeting, the trouble originated as follows :
On June i the men appointed a committee to wait on the gen- eral manager and ask him that the men be paid off twice a month instead of monthly. The committee was cordially received and the general manager promised to concede the demand. The men desired a written agreement, but the manager tali.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 45
them to take his word for the agreement. The men agreed to this, and on the following Thursday the company posted a notice to the effect that they would not pay off for another week. This notice caused considerable discussion among the men and finally resulted in a mass meeting, with the resultant
strike.
The strike lasted for three days and the company finally con- ceded what the men desired. The loss was about $1,500 in wages.
MACHINISTS' STRIKE AT FREDERICK.
On August 15 five machinists, employed by the Palmetto Fibre Company, at Frederick, Md., made a demand on their employers for an increase of wages of fifty cents a day. The company refused it and the five men quit work until August 22, being out one week, when their demands were granted and the men returned to work. The strike was not ordered by an organization.
LOCKOUT OF MARBLE WORKERS.
In March last the Employers' Association and the employees in the marble industry of the country agreed that there should be no strike or lockout without arbitration.
Mr. Wm. H. Evans, of Baltimore, is president of the National Association of Marble Dealers, and the Marble Workers' Unions in the various cities are represented in a national organization, known as the International Association ©f Marble Workers. The employers state their employees violated their agreement in Philadelphia under the new officers elected last July. The marble workers in Buffalo repudiated the agreement during that month and trouble resulted. The National Association of Dealers thereupon in September ordered their various members to close up their shops for three days, lockout all their employees and start up again, only employing men as individuals and refusing to recognize any union.
This order affected three large firms in Baltimore, namely Evans Marble Company, Hilgartner Marble Company and Hugh Sisson & Sons, involving about 200 hands. The lockout
46 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
commenced on September 21 and continued in force, although the yards owned by the firms above-mentioned reopened as "open shops" after three days, and they claim to be employing now about 140 men.
The effect of the lockout was felt on a number of buildings in course of erection in Baltimore, but subsequently the firms constructing same managed to get along some way or other.
This was one of the most far-reaching and troublesome labor differences that occurred in Baltimore during the year, and indeed in the United States. As an explanation of the lockout, the National Association of Marble Dealers published the following advertisement ;
Desiring that the public understand the difficulties between the strik- ing members of the International Association of Marble Workers and the National Association of Marble Dealers, the latter association pub- lishes tlie following correspondence which has passed between the two associations, preceding it by this introductory statement:
At a meeting in Buffalo last March the executive boards from both associations signed an agreement for uniform hours of labor, arbitra- tion, strike and "lockout" clauses. Last July the National Association of Workmen met in Philadelphia and, after having accepted the Buffalo agreement (already accepted by their executive committee), one day, decided on the next day that, as the term of the executive board which had made the agreement had expired, the agreement was no longer operative. They then submitted a second agreement, which the National Association of Dealers found it impossible to accept. A meeting occurred in Columbus, Ohio, September i, but the members of the workers' association failed to produce credentials authorizing them to negotiate an agreement and nothing was done at the meeting, al- though the dealers indicated that it would be impossible for them to accept any agreement other than the one signed at Buffalo. Following this, the workers' association called out all the shops in Philadelphia. This was followed by a declaration of "open shop" by the dealers, ^'hen a general strike was declared.
These papers show negotiations between the executive committees of the two associations during the last few days. The committee from the International Association of Marble Workers is expected to give a final answer to the committee from the dealers', association this morning.
Baltimore, Md., November 3, 1903. To R. D. W. Du Bourg, G. P. I. A. M. IV., the Members G. B. C. I. A. M. W. and the Members of the I. A. M. IV.: Gentlemen — Referring to the various conferences we have held with you in this city during the past two days looking to a settlement of the
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 47
piresent strike of the International Association of Marble Workeri against the members of the National Association of Marble Dealers, we beg to state that we regret we cannot see our way clear to accept the amended form of our resolutions you submitted to us yesterday. Inclosed we hand you a set of resolutions that embody our position and from which, under existing conditions and past experience, we cannot in justice to our members vary in any material manner. If you will not pass these resolutions we hereby agree to submit the question of their fairness and equity to a disinterested board of arbitration for decision, provided the grand officers of the I. A. M. W. at once order the workmen now on strike back to work, the men to return to work on or before the morning of the 5th instant and remain at work pending the decision of said board.
The board of arbitration to consist of three disinterested parties, one to be chosen by the N. A. M. D., one to be chosen by the I. A. M. W. and one to be chosen by the two above provided. The decision of the board shall be evidenced in writing, signed by at least two members of the said board, and the decision of any two members of said board shall be binding upon the N. A. M. D. and the I. A. M. W. and their respective constituents.
Your answer to this letter is requested by not later than tomorrow morning. Very truly yours,
W. H. Evans, Peter Gray, Charles McDonald, Jacob Mueller, Jr., Arthur Lantz, F. P. Bagley, Executive Committee N. A. M. D.
Joint Resolutions Adopted by the Executive Committees o? th« National Association of Marble Dealers and the Inter- national Association of Marble Workers At a conference held at Baltimore, 3d November, 1903.
Whereas, There has heretofore existed a sentiment that the mem- bers of the National Association of Marble Dealers and the members of the International Association of Marble Workers were necessarily enemies, and in consequence a mutual dislike and distrust of each other and of their respective organizations has arisen, provoking and stim- ulating strife and ill will, resulting in, severe pecuniary loss to both parties ; now this conference is held for the purpose of cultivating a more intimate knowledge of each other and of their methods, aims and objects, believing that thereby friendly regard and respect may be engendered and such agreements reached as will dispel all inimical sentiments, prevent further strife and promote the material and moral interests of all parties concerned.
48 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
I. Resolved, That this meeting adopt the principle of conciliation is the settlement of any dispute between the members of the I. A. M. W. and the members of the N. A. M. D.
,2. Resolved, That a conciliation committee be formed consisting of six members, three of whom shall be marble workers appointed by the International Association of Marble Workers, and three persons ap- pointed by the National Association of Marble Dealers.
If a member of the conciliation committee is a party to the dispute or a member of a local union whose member or members are involved, he cannot serve on the conciliation committee in the settlement of the case involved. The president of his national organization shall appoint a member to take his place in the settlement of the particular dispute.
3. Resolved, Whenever there is a dispute between a member of the N. A. M. D. and the workers in his employ (when the latter are mem- bers Of the I. A. M. W.), and it cannot be settled amicably between them, it shall be referred to the presidents of the two associations before named, who shall themselves or by delegates give it due con- sideration. If they cannot decide it satisfactorily to themselves, thej may by mutual agreement summon the conciliation committee, to whom the dispute shall be referred and whose decision by a majority vote shall be final and binding upon each party for a time of twelve months. Pending adjudication by the presidents and the conciliation committee, neither party to the dispute shall discontinue operations, but shall pro- ceed with business in the ordinary manner. In case of a vacancy in the committee of conciliation it shall be filled by the asso- ciation originally nominating. No vote shall be taken except by a full committee or by an even number of each party.
4. Resolved, That the members of the N. A. M. D. will abolish piece work in their finishing departments except for the polishing of plumbers' slabs, backs and aprons.
5. Resolved, That the members of the N. A. M. D. shall run the finishing departments of their factories nine hours per day. The men to receive for the nine hours the same amount of pay as they received prior to 21st September, 1903.
6. Resolved, That there shall be no sympathetic strikes or sympathetic lockouts.
7. Resolved, That the N. A. M. D. recognize the setters of the I. A. M. W. from and after the going into effect of these resolutions.
8. Resolved, That the N. A. M. D. will recognize the shop locals of the bed rubbers, polishers and cutters of the I. A. M. W. when either or both of the following conditions are complied with :
a. When the I. A. M. W. is recognized in the finishing departments of all marble manufacturers who are not members of the N. A. M. D. said shops to run the same hours and the men to receive the same wages as are in force in the shops of the members of the N. A. M. D.
STATISTICS AND INI^ORMATION. 49
b. When the members of the I. A. M. W. cease to work for or handle the finished product of all marble manufacturers that refuse to recognize the I. A. M. W. in their finishing departments as above set forth.
9k Resolved, That the members of the I. A. M. W. will refuse to work for or handle the finished product of any firm or corporation that does not recognize the I. A. M. W. and fails to conform to this agreement.
10. Resolved, That these resolutions and any subsequent ones, unless otherwise specified, take precedence overany and all agreements that are now in existence or may be made in the future between a local of the I. A. M. W. and any employer.
11. Resolved, That all resolutions, unless otherwise specified, shall remain in force until November i, 1904, and thereafter unless either party desires to terminate, amend or add to the resolutions. In which case the party so wishing shall serve written notice on the other party at least 90 days prior to November i, 1904, specifically stating its desires.
12. Resolved, That the men now in the employ of the N. A. M. D. be retained.
National Association of Marble Dealers,
By International Association of Marble Workers, By Resolved, That the foregoing resolutions go into cflFect 5th of Novem- ber, 1903, provided that the men now on strike against the members of the N. A M. D. are ordered back to work by the Grand Officers of the I. A, M. W. and return to work on or before Thursday morning, 5th of November. 1903.
National Association of Marble Dealers. By International Association of Marble Workers, By (Copy of Letter from Marble Workers to Marble Dealers.) Resolution : That the Executive Committee of the I. A. M. W. agree to return the men to work under the Buffalo resolutions and arbitrate any proposed changes in said resolutions at any time suitable to both parties to said resolutions, and that all men employed not members of the I. A. M. W. be discharged. The proposed changes, if any, to be arbitrated within 30 days from date of signing of this resolution.
(Signed) Committee I. A. M. W. '
R. W. Du BouRG, Jas. a. Fitzgeralh.
50 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
{Copy of Letter from Committee Marble Dealers to Marble Workers.^ R. IV. Du Bourg and Jas. A. Fitzgerald, Committee I. A. M. W.:
Gents — The Executive Committee of the National Association of Marble Dealers cannot consider your resolution for the reason that from past experience it does not consider it safe to return to the Buf- falo resolution as a whole, and, further, because it would not entertain for a moment any proposition to discharge tried and old employees at present in the service of the members of the N A. M. D., nor can it possibly offer you anything different than the form of agreement with accompanying letter submitted to you this afternoon.
(Signed) W. H. Evans, Chairman.
There were several conferences held in Baltimore between the officers of the dealers' association and the marble workers, but without result so far.
The lockout affected the following firms in Baltimore: Evans Marble Company, Hugh Sisson & Sons and Hilgartner Marble Company.
About 200 marble workers in Baltimore were thrown out of work at first, and numerous small concerns, who get finished marble from the above-named firms, were inconvenienced or compelled to lay off some of their employees. The firms, however, secured some non-union help, and thus continued to do business, while the members of the International Marble Workers' Union sharply drew the lines in their fight, and with the assistance of other branches of organized labor, forced the discontinuance of considerable work in various sections of the country. At the time of writing it is impossible to tell of the final outcome of the struggle.
STRIKE AT ORGAN WORKS.
All the union employees of M. P. Moller, organ builder, of Hagerstown, went on strike September 21, because their demand for an increase of ten per cent, in wages was not acceded to. Mr. Moller refused to recognize the union. The strike continued up to the time the report went to press, though some of the old hands returned to work, and others were employed. The strike was practically lost. It was ordered by Organ and Piano Makers' Union No. 45.
STATISTICS AND IN1?0RMATI0N. 51
MEAT PACKERS WANT RECOGNITION. On Monday, November 2, about twenty-six meat packers, all members of the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Packers' Union, employed by Messrs. R. M. Jones & Co., stopped work. The strike was the result of the demand of the union for an agreement for the year 1904, and they presented it this early to prevent trouble. The new agreement called for a recog- nition of the union, which the firm refused to accede to. There were forty-five employees, thirty-one of whom belonged to tlie union, and these struck. Mr. G. Mechau is the Business Agent of the union and had charge of the strike, which was finally settled by agreement on November 14, and was successful.
STRIKE OF IRONWORKERS.
Two hundred employees of the Baltimore Rolling Mills Company went on strike November 24, owing to the discharge of two of the men who had been active in forming an organ- ization of their fellow-workmen. The men continued on strike until December 2, when they returned to work, except one, Mr. J. C. Jenkins, the president of the Ironworkers' Union, which had been organized in the shops. This result was brought about by agreement between the officials of the com- pany and the officials of the union, and the result was a recog- nition of that organization.
Mr. Jenkins was provided for by the men, who elected him president of the union and paid him a salary for attending to its business, as it was on his urgent request that they returned to work.
SMALL STRIKES.
On December 14 the employees of the firms of H. Good- man and of Epstein & Singer, cloth hat and cap manufacturers, went on strike against a reduction of wages of from 5 to 10 per cent. These strikes involved seven men in one shop and thirteen in the other and had not been settled when this report was closed.
STRIKE OF CANAL BOATMEN.
The canal boatmen running between Williamsport and Sharpsburg made a demand for an increase of pay per tonnage
52 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
for hauling coal. The general manager of the canal offered them forty cents to Georgetown and twenty-two cents to WilHamsport. The boatmen claimed that last year they were paid forty cents and eighty cents per ton, but under a new arrangement the new transportation company operating on the canal brought about entirely new conditions, which were unsatisfactory to the employees. The trustees of the canal refused to grant the demand of the men, saying that the ques- tion was entirely under their control. A satisfactory arrange- ment was subsequently effected without any loss.
INCREASE IN WAGES FOR MARINE ENGINEERS.
About May i the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association No. 5 decided to make a request of their employers for an in- crease of wages. The engineers stated their case in the follow- ing language, through the president of the association:
"It is not the intention of the marine engineers to strike, but to better their condition. The salary of an engineer twenty-five years ago was $100 a month. At that time only single engines and forty pounds of steam were under his direction, but now he carries 250 pounds of steam and cares for compound and triple expansion engines, electric light plant, evaporator, hoisting engines and steering engines at a salary of about $80 a month, and in some cases $60. Side-wheel boats then made only one or two trips a week. Now they come in the morning and go out the same day, giving no time for the engineer to see his family. Repairs must be finished in order to get the boat oflf on railroad time. Several boats are fitted up with feathering wheels, which require overhauling at the end of each route. This was not known in former days. The engineer must buy his own uniform, and it has come to the point that when the boat lies up the engineer must act as watchman at $12 a week and go home for meals. On excursion boats the engineer has only three months in the year to run and he is then put ashore. The steamboat business has financially increased to a great extent in the last twenty-five years. The engineer ought to get decent wages when it is taken into considera- tion that thousands of passengers are under his care. The tugboat engineer's salary is not more than that of a laboring man, and he is 14, 16 and 18 hours on watch, working Sunday too. This is the condBh tion of marine engineers of the port of Baltimore.
A meeting of the steamboat owners was held and the Steana Vessel Owners' Association was organized.
Instead of ordering a strike, the Marine Engineers' Bene-
STATISTICS AND INI^ORMATION. 53
ficial Association No. 5 issued the following letter to their members :
DfiAR Sir and Brother :
As members of No. S employed with the B., C. & A. Co. were the first of all to demand a higher wage scale for the Marine Engineers of Baltimore, agitating the cause, and steadily complaining; besides, 0n every meeting of No. 5, about the slow progress of the Association concerning the demand of revising the existing wage scale. No. 5, after due consideration, granted the wishes of the members employed by the B., C. & A- Co., and other members afterward made *^he same request, a new wage scale was formulated, and a copy of it mailed to every member with the request to agree with it or reject it or design «i improvement
Without exception all members employed by the B., C. & A. Co. sent letters of approval ; some of them even demanded a raising of the new wage scale.
After proper consideration, in conformity with wishes of the members, the present wage scale was adopted by a majority of the Association, to take effect on June 15, 1903. And a committee was appointed to take charge of the affair so that the demand of the members be laid before the shipowners in a proper and business-like manner, and acting as arbitrators between the shipowners and the engineers.
Up to the present day most all of the members, under the guidance of the committee, have their request granted in a satisfactory way, and only the insubordinate in the B., C. & A. Co., who were the foremost kickers against existing conditions, still remain under the old manage- ment or wage scale, without showing any effort to put into effect their promise to support the new wage scale. Even interfering with the action of the committee to uphold the honor of the Association, and to reach a speedy settlement with the B. C. & A. Co. Is this true?
Yea; and what is the reason that you demand from the Association help and assistance to better your condition, and after the Association complying with your request willingly, you refuse to give your em- ployers due notice of your demand, leaving him or them under the im- pression, and giving them a chance to state before the public that you were pleased with present conditions and entirely satisfied with your present wages. Is this right?
Such action is inimical to the Association, that of a coward who throws stones from behind a scaled fence, and casts a very bad reflec- tion upon the honest principles and good work of our Association, when you, a member of it, pledging yourself with a solemn obligation to uphold it with all the power vested in you.
As your committee has tried in vain to persuade you to fulfill your promise, and as in not doing so the high standing of No. 5 and of all flie faithful members would be brought into contempt or lowered, there-
54 REPORT OF the; bureau of
fore, we, the committee in charge, for reason to uphold the dignity of No. 5, hereby most earnestly, urgently request you to act as a man, citizen and brother of honor, to fulfill your solemn promise and make the demand for the rate of monthly pay set by the new wage scale, adopted by your sanction, and adopted by the Association, to comply with your wishes.. Should you refuse to obey this justified request, and you hold your position under the old established wage scale after August I, 1903, No. 5 will be compelled and fully justified by the cir- cumstances to consider you a coward and a traitor to the principles of the organization, and action will be taken accordingly.
Hoping that you will show manhood enough to uphold (instead of destroying) the dignity of No. 5 and of the National Association, and appreciate as men the beneficial endeavors we have made for you, we, your committee, expect that in future, like in former times, you will show yourselves worthy a member of the noble order of the M. E. B. A.
The following was the rate of wages asked for in a circular sent out by the association to the steamboat owners :
Passenger Steamers to York River and below York River — Chief engineer, $115; first assistant engineer, $85; second assistant engineer, $65.
All Passenger Steamers Running above York River — Chief engineer, $100; assistant engineer, $75.
Ferryboat, $60.
Ocean Tugs of the First Class — Chief engineer, $120; assistant en- gineer, $75.
Ocean Tugs of the Second Class — Chief engineer, $105 ; assistant en- gineer, $65.
All Tugs Towing on the Chesapeake — Chief engineer, $75 ; assistant engineer, $50.
Harbor Tugs, $2.50 a day.
Ten hours to constitute a working day, with overtime 25 cents an hour.
Engineers on All Pleasure Vessels — Salary increased 20 per cent.
Subsequently, in September, after continued meetings and requests, the following increases in wages were granted by the various companies and individuals as reported to the engineers' association:
We, your committee, appointed on the wage scale, beg to make this our report of the increase of the wages of the engineers of the port of Baltimore, and respectfully submit same.
Weems Line, average increase 34 per cent
Chester River Line, average increase 20 per cent
Tolchester Steamboat Company, Chief Engineer 20 per cent.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 55
Totcliester Steamboat Company, Second Engineer 50 per cent
B., C. & A. Steamboat Company, Cbief Engineer Il^ per cent
B., C. & A. Steamboat Company, Second Engineer 27 1-3 per cent
Bay Line, First Assistants 6J4 pc cent
Bay Line, Second Assistants 20 per cent
York River Line, Chief Engineers 10 per cent
York River Line, Second Engineers ^V2 per cent
York River Line, to Norfolk No increase.
Rock Creek Ferry Boats, from $14 per week to $17.50.
HarI)or Tugs 25 per cent
Dougherty's Tugs, Chief Engineers 16 2-3 per cent
Dougherty's Tugs, Second Engineers 282-3 per cent
American Towing Company's Tugs, Chief Engineers 162-3 per cent.
American Towing Company's Tugs, Second Engineers. .282-3 per cent
While this scale did not include increases for all the mem- bers of the association, yet there were enough of them to warrant the belief that the Marine Engineers' Association would eventually win.
ACCEPT REDUCTION OF WAGES.
A most remarkable occurrence was the voluntary accept- ance of a reduction of wages by 1,300 boilermakers and iron shipbuilders on August 21 last. The boilermakers and iron shipbuilders, at the solicitation of their employers, discussed the case and consented to an arrangement for one year, which involved a reduction of their wages, including the cost of overtime. The employers on their part agreed to employ none but union men for the year and agreed to pay the follow- ing rates of wages for nine hours' work :
First-class workmen and flange turners, $2.50; second-class workmen, $2.25 ; holders on, $1.75 ; helpers, $1.50.
The following firms signed the agreement with the Brother- hood, which has five local unions in Baltimore: The E. J. Codd Company, the Baltimore Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, the James Clark Company, the Thomas C. Basshor Company, the William G. Fitzgerald Marine Engine Com- pany, the Mclntyre Co. & Henderson, the Spedden Shipbuild- ing Company, John B. Fluskey, Cathell Brothers, Triplett & Jennings, James Woodall.
56 REPORT OP THE BUREAU OF
BRICKLAYERS GET AN INCREASE. The bricklayers of Baltimore, early in the year, made a demand on their employers for $4.00 a day and eight hours, and on March 10 it was announced in the Federation of Labor that the employers had granted the demand. This was heralded with very much satisfaction, as many believed it was a forerunner of a general increase in the building trades.
STRIKE AT THE CROWN CORK AND SEAL WORKS.
About seventy-five boys, ranging in age from twelve to six- teen years, employed in the stamping rooms of the Crown Cork and Seal Company's works went on strike July 6. The cause of the strike was the demanding of a nine-hour work-day instead of ten hours and for a half holiday on Saturday. There was no organization of the boys and they attempted to get the girls in the establishment to go on strike with th6m, but they failed in this. The firm reports that several mothers of the boys interfered in a forcible manner, and in a day or so many of them returned to work. No losses were reported.
LABORERS DEMAND HIGHER WAGES.
The laborers connected with Union No. 10597, Laborers' Protective Union and Cellar Diggers and Shovellers' Union No>. 10934, in the latter part of May sent a notice to the builders and contractors of Baltimore requesting a nine-hour work-day for five days of each week and an eight-hour day on Saturday and a minimum wage of $1.50. The unions had a joint membership of about 900, and comprised nearly all of the skilled buildiiig laborers in the city. While there was no general strike, some of them received the advances, but the majority of the builders and contractors refused to grant the demands, and the men continued at work. The laborers who were employed at Kernan's new theatre were also refused the advance and their places were taken by some white men — those on strike being negroes.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 57
EFFORTS OF THE MARINE FIREMEN.
The members of the Atlantic Coast Marine Firemen's Union early in June made a demand on the various steamboat owners for an increase of wages, and presented a scale calling for $45 a month for oilers and water tenders and $40 a month for firemen on steamships; on ocean tugs $45 for oilers, $40 for firemen, and $35 for coal passers ; on bay tugs $35 per month, and $10 a week of 60 hours on harbor tugs.
There was no strike of the men, but some of the companies agreed to increase the wages as requested. These firms included the Di Giorgi Importing and Steamship Company and the Consolidated Coal Company and the Merchants and Miners' Association.
WORK ON STATE HOUSE STOPPED. The bricklayers and plasterers employed on the State House at Annapolis had a misunderstanding and stopped work for several days commencing October 28. The trouble was brought on by the employment by the contractors of seven plasterers, members of the Operative Plasterers' International Association. These men refused to join the local union.
MINERS WIN.
The employees of the Cumberland Basin Coal Company, in August last, demanded of the company that they be paid every two weeks instead of every three weeks. The men quit work for a few days (65 in number), and subsequently the company posted a notice to the effect that the men would be paid off regularly on the 5th and 25th of the month, and the men returned to work.
The miners of the Castlemann Enterprise and Allegany Mines of the Somerset Coal Company, and of the Garrett and South Side Coal Companies of Garrett county, quit work in April last over the differential between "heading" and "room mining" pay.
The miners of the Merchants' Mine No. 3 and of the Con- tinental Coal Company also struck in April. These strikes were unauthorized by the organization and were subsequently
58 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
settled by the vice-president of the national union. The various companies agreeing to pay 37 cents for loading after machines and 41 cents for narrow work, this being the price paid in other districts, and all the men returned to work.
BALTIMORE & OHIO TRAINMEN.
Early in September representatives of all the employees on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad organized in the various rail- road organizations sent a committee to Baltimore for a confer- ence with the managers of the road and for the purpose of presenting their grievances. They presented their grievances, which were numerous, and the conference continued for several arbitration committee. This question was the reinstatement weeks, finally resulting in a complete adjustment of all the questions in dispute, except one, which was referred to an of two discharged men and the same was finally settled in favor of the company by the arbitration committee.
It is reported that the men gained substantial increases in wages and the adjustment of many minor differences, which will remove considerable friction in the future.
TELEGRAPHERS WANT INCREASE OF WAGES.
On November 5 the general committee of the Baltimore branch of the Order of Railroad Telegraphers met at the Howard House, in Baltimore, and formulated a request to be made to the Baltimore & Ohio managers for an increase of wages and shorter hours at certain block stations along the system. It subsequently developed that there was no order for a strike or for forcing the demand other than the attempt to secure the results at the annual conference with the em- ployers to be held later on.
INCREASE OF WAGES. Early in January the coal miners of the George's Creek region were advised, through their foreman, that their wages would be increased April i to 65 cents per ton. The news made the men in the region feel very happy, but the operators still refused to meet the miners in joint convention as they had heretofore done, since then there has been a decrease of ten per cent, in certain sections of the region.
6o REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
MARYLAND LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.
The general conditions of employment and business have been better during the past year than was at one time antici- pated, but even at that there has been a great falling off in the manufacturing and building world in production. Of course, various causes are assigned for this decrease in business. The newspapers in many instances have declared that labor organizations have, by arbitrary action, forced many contracts for buildings to be held up. Others have declared that the lull is due to a natural reaction, and others still, to the wild stampede to organization of capital and the over-capitalization of enter- prises consolidated and watered beyond their earning capacity. Whatever it may have been, it is now being felt by the workers in all branches of toil, as well as by capitalists and cap- tains of industry of high and low degree.
One of the natural results of the flush times of the past two or three years has been the rapid growth of labor organiza- tions throughout the country. In this Maryland has shared fully, and today organized labor in Maryland is stronger numerically than at any time since 1886. That it is not as strong in some other ways is due to causes that it is not neces- sary for us to discuss here; but it may not be amiss to sound a note of warning to the labor organizations of this city and State, who are honestly striving to uplift the masses generally and their own members particularly. The people of this State are conservative and patriotic. Though we have less mil- lionaires than other States of like size, we have that which those States lack, viz : An intense love of home life, fair play between man and master, and a patriotic confidence in the righting of every wrong by the peaceful means of argument and the law. There is and there always has been a greater degree of friendliness between the employer and employee in this State than in many others, and if our labor organiza- tions desire to benefit by that feeling and to progress, they must
' STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 6 1
conserve it by wise deliberation, educational methods, earnest sympathy with the employers' struggles, and honest leaders.
The labor movement generally is based on sentiment. A sentiment that makes for the good of the whole. The demands for higher wages, shorter day's work, better sanitary conditions, etc., have their root in the hope that the rising generation may not have such hard struggles as their fathers and mothers; the hope to leave the world a little better for having lived, and the present wish to share a little in these benefits before we die.
Marylanders will not tolerate labor fakirs nor the policy of killing the goose that lays the golden egg. Our manufacturing enterprises and our building improvements are just beginning to rear their heads. The slow growth of Baltimore is not altogether due to lack of enterprise or wealth. It is mostly due to the feeling that a moderate competence, without rush and struggle, is better and healthier and more conducive to happiness than the fever to acquire vast wealth and vast re- sponsibilities. Living is so much easier and cheaper in this city and State than in others that we do not secure as high com- pensation for labor done as is paid in New York, Philadelphia, Boston or Chicago. These facts should be kept closely in mind by our labor leaders and the organizations they represent when making their demands. That there are many industries that are underpaid in Maryland as compared with other States there can be no doubt. But be careful in making your demands that you arouse not the spirit of antagonism in the general public, rather than secure their sympathy and help. The concentrated sympathy of the public will win as many, strikes as complete organization and a full treasury, but when backed up by all three and led by honest men the march will be upward and
onward.
ORGANIZATION.
The central body of organized labor in Maryland is the local Federation of Labor, which meets in Baltimore every Wednes- day night, and is made up of five representatives from the various local unions in the State, more particularly those in the city. This central body is directly affiliated with the American
62 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF '
Federation of Labor, and no local union that is not affiliated with an international or national organization that is not con- nected with the American Federation of Labor can be repre- sented in the local Federation of Labor, therefore, it will be understood that the Baltimore Federation of Labor, as a local body, only has jurisdiction over those organizations which are already affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, except where there are isolated local unions of unskilled labor.
During the year the Baltimore Federation of Labor has had considerable trouble, occasioned in some instances by dual organizations, such as the Bricklayers' Unions Nos. i and 2, or the clash between the Carpenters' and Woodworkers' organizations. However, these troubles have been to a large extent adjusted, and at present time the Federation seems to be on a better footing than for some time past, though the carpenters' organizations are not represented in that body at present. The Metal Workers have returned to the Federation of Labor during the year, but the Bricklayers subsequently withdrew, the latter being caused by the organization of a building trades' section, which sought to bring about the adop- tion of a uniform card system.
During the past year the Stone Pavers of Baltimore city, who were at one time organized into two bodies, one local union under the Federation and one under the Knights of Labor, amalgamated and now all belong to the Federation of Labor. This amalgamation brought about a better condition of affairs in the City Departments, where these men were largely em- ployed in paving and repaving the city.
During the year a suit was instituted for the appointment of a receiver for Local Union No. 6 of the Amalgamated Woodworkers' Union. Disagreement among the members was the cause.
A number of new unions were organized during the year, including the Waiters and Cooks, Hack Drivers and Barbers.
The barbers organized during the year with the express purpose of securing legislation similar to the rules given out by the Board of Health in New York, and it was understood that they would present such a bill to the present Legislature, said bill to include such rules and regulations as follow :
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 6^
'• (i.) Barbers must wash their hands thoroughly with soap and hot water before attending any person.
(2.) No alum or other astringent shall be used in stick form. If used at all to stop the flow of blood, it must be applied in powder form.
(3.) The use of powder puffs is prohibited.
(4.) No towel shall be used for more than one person with- out being washed.
(5.) The use of sponges is prohibited.
(6.) Mugs and shaving brushes shall be thoroughly washed after use on each person.
(7.) Combs, razors, clippers and scissors shall be thoroughly cleaned by dipping in boiling water or other germicide after every separate use thereof.
(8.) No barber, unless he is a licensed physician, shall pre- scribe for 'any skin disease.
(9.) Floors must be swept or mopped every day, and all furniture and woodwork kept free from dust.
(10.) Hot and cold water must be provided.
(11.) A copy of these resolutions is to be hung in a con- spicuous place in each shop.
Numerous minor difficulties occurred during the year, which were satisfactorily settled one way or the other, and which are hardly worth while enumerating in this report. These diffi- culties include the efforts of the Brewery Workers to install exclusively union labor in the various beer bottling establish- ments.
One of the pleasant things to record which occurred during the past year was the increase of wages of the miners of West- ern Maryland, known as the Georges' Creek region, b}^ the Consolidation Coal Co., the Black-Sheridan-Wilson Co., and other companies. The increase was from ten to eighteen per cent., although during the latter part of the year work in the mines of that region slacked up to some extent, owing to the falling off in the demand for coal, and in the Meyersdale region wages were reduced and the men in Maryland did not make full time.
The Bureau attempted one year ago to make up a directory of the labor organizations of the State, with data attached to
64 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OE
the list, which would be of value to the employers as well as the general public in fixing the status of labor organiza- tions, and the rates of wages earned by the various mechanics and work people attached to these unions. This year we have continued this effort and present in the table that follows, the most complete list of existing unions in the State of Mary- land ever heretofore published, and trust that our continuous efforts in this direction may prove of value to the membership of unions as well as the employers and the public at large.
In the table that follows we give the names, addresses and data for 117 organizations in the State of Maryland. Of these the oldest is the Baltimore Typographical Union No. 12, organized in the year 1831. Of the 117 unions enumerated, thirty-one are located in the counties, mostly Western Mary- land.
The total membership of these 117 unions, as shown by the reports, is 22,343 in good standing at the time the various reports were made. The table shows that the membership of thirty-eight unions work ten hours per day or over ; of thirty- three unions work nine hours a day or over and less than ten, and of thirty unions work eight hours per day or over and less than nine.
The table also shows that sixty-eight unions received an increase of wages during the years 1902 and 1903, and that the membership of only six unions had their wages decreased in that time. The me—ibers of forty-four unions received a de- crease in the number of working hours in the years 1902 or 1903 of from one-half to one hour.
Of these 117 unions, thirty-four organized in 1902 and nine- teen in 1903.
There is other interesting data in the table, which will prove of value to organized labor and the public at large:
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STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 65
THE SWEAT-SHOP AND FACTORY INSPECTION.
In the Eleventh Annual Report of this Bureau a full de- scription of all sweatshops, with illustrations, was published, along with the i,8oo inspections made by the officials of this Department, showing the exact conditions existing in the clothin'j industry in Maryland.
Under the Act passed by the Legislature at its session in 1902 these inspections were made and the arrest and prose- cution of the violators of that law are now a matter of record in the courts and the same were fully set forth in the previous report of this Bureau. The first case carried to the courts, under the Act, was that of a man name Ligum, who carried on a sweat-shop on South High street. The lower court hav- ing quashed the indictment and the case having been carried to the Court of Appeals of the State, that body rendered its decision in the following language:
This being a criminal case and the traverser having been discharged by reason of the indictment having been quashed, and the cause having been argued before six judges of this court, who are equally, divided on some of the questions raised as to the constitutionality of the Act of 1902, Chapter loi, the judgment quashing the indictment must be affirmed by a divided court, but without committing this court to the views and conclusions announced by the learned judge below, and this court distinctly reserving for further decision the constitutionality of the aforesaid statute when the question may arise in some other cause.
It will be thus seen that it was necessary to speedily carry other cases to the court, so as to get a final decision as to the constitutionality of the law. This was accomplished by the indictment of Isaac Plumack and Louis Hyman, both of whom were indicted and their cases tried before Judge Stockbridge, who rendered a decision in conformity with the previous de- cision of Judge Ritchie, and an appeal was therefrom taken to the highest court in the State, from which, at this w^riting, we are still awaiting a decision as to the constitutionality of the law.
66 REPORT OF THE BUREAU OE
It is, therefore, unnecessary to go into a discussion of the present measure until the decision of the Court of Appeals is handed down in these later cases, which it is to be hoped will occur in time for the Legislature to take whatever steps may be necessary to amend the law, if any such amendments may be needed.
There is no doubt, however, that the enactment of the Legis- lature of 1902 has already proven beneficial to a large extent in the clothing industry. A visit to some of the shops today which were inspected a year ago will verify this statement. While many of them are yet unfit to work in, or are too crowded with workers, and need a strict enforcement of the law to bring about proper conditions, there are others which have been changed to a remarkable degree, and the fear of the law has led many proprietors to make changes in the en- vironment of their employees. In some cases new shops have been secured away from the homes, and in a number of others the large manufacturers have opened big factory buildings, into which the former sweat-shop owners have moved, and this changed condition has not only benefited the workers, but has improved the quality of the clothing, and increased the trade of Baltimore in this industry. Indeed, it is impossible to fully convey an idea of the change in the conditions of the clothing industry of this city in the past two years, notwithstanding the Department was deterred from fully enforcing the law by reason of the contest in the courts.
After the Court of Appeals had rendered its decision, quoted heretofore, it was determined to renew the inspections and notices, confiining such work to the worst sweat-shops still in existence, and induce, by persuasion or notice, the pro- prietors to conform with the law. Some obeyed such notices, while others availed themselves of the plea that the lower court had declared the law unconstitutional and they would wait until the Court of Appeals gave a final decision.
The Department was informed by the law ofificers that it would only be piling up cases and giving trouble to present all violators of the law to the Grand Jury, who would find in- dictments only to have the cases dismissed by the courts, ac-
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION. 67
cording to the late Judge Ritchie's decision. This would have been a hardship to many persons and would have looked more like persecution than prosecution ; therefore the Department made up the test cases and desisted from arresting other vio- lators of the law.
the; inspection.
As stated in the previous reports, for purposes of inspection, the city has been divided into seven districts, which we named alphabetically from A to G. Thus when we speak of A district in this report we allude to all that territory in Baltimore begin- ning on the south side of Baltimore street and running south and southeast to the basin, and bounded on the west by South street and on the east by the city limits.
B district runs from Baltimore street north to North ave- nue, and from North street on the west to the city limits.
C district runs from Baltimore street south and southeast to the basin, and from Fremont street on the west to the basin on the east.
D district runs from Fremont street west to the city limits and from North avenue south to the city limits.
E district runs from Baltimore street north to North avenue and from North street to Fremont street.
F district runs from North avenue to city limits north, and from Jones' Falls to city limits west.
G district takes in all north of North avenue, east of Jones' Falls to the eastern city limits.
During the year 221 inspections have been made in the city, divided in the different districts as follows :
District A 95
District B 80
District C 29
District D 3
District E 14
Total .221
One hundred and eighteen first notices were sent out to the occupants of the various houses notifying them that they
68
REPORT 0]? THE BUREAU OE
were violating the law, their rooms being dirty or that families were living in the house, or there was not sufficient air space for the number of employees working in the rooms.
Fifty notices were sent to Dr. Bosley, Health Commissioner of Baltimore City, informing him that this number of water closets needed inspection and cleaning.
PERMITS ISSUED.
During the year 130 permits were issued for shops, which employed 2,595 people in the various districts. These were divided in the manufacture of the different articles as follows :
|
Articles Made. |
Number of Permits Issued. |
Number of People Employed. |
|
Coats |
63 46 II 6 3 I |
1,580 741 187 66 |
|
Pants |
||
|
Vests Button Holes |
||
|
Ladies' Skirts |
14 |
|
|
Busheling |
7 |
|
|
Total |
130 |
2,595 |
Of the above number of permits issued by the Department, 54 were issued for A district; 46 for B district; 14 for C dis- trict; I for D district and 15 for E district.
These numbers show that the largest number of shops are located south of Baltimore street and east of South street, in the congested Hebrew district.
Another important fact demonstrated by the figures above given is that the largest number of hands are employed in the making of coats, which is the most important part of the cloth- ing industry and for which the highest prices are paid.
A number of the above establishments, while entitled ta- permits, are still open to criticism in some respects, but the- large clothing manufacturing establishments are rapidly con- gregating their tailors under one roof and adopting the new system of manufacturing wherein the sub-division of labor brings about greater efficiency and greater economy in all. respects.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
69
It is safe to say that the clothing industry of Baltimore now stands on as high a plane, if not higher, than that of any other city in the United States as regards the condition of the workers, the character of goods manufactured and the general environment of the industry.
THE GENERAL INSPECTION.
In the detail tables that follow, numbered i, 2, 3, 4 and 5, we give the inspections that were made by this Department and are similar to the tables given in the Eleventh Annual Report.
It will be found by reference to these tables that the places inspected were classified as follows :
Table a.
|
Kind of Building. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D E |
|||
|
Tenements |
4 |
4 2 28 41 |
5 2 II ID |
13 II |
||
|
Factories |
7 |
|||||
|
Dwellings |
11 |
2 I |
2 5 |
78 |
||
|
Shops |
83 |
|||||
|
Totals ' |
65 |
75 |
28 |
3 |
14 |
185 |
It will be seen by the above figures that a total of 185 build- ings were inspected, and that the largest number of buildings where these shops are located was in B district, and the next largest number was in A district. Eighty-three are classified as shops; 78 as dwellings; 13 as tenements and 11 as factories. The word shop as used in this instance pertains to those places wherein the law is being complied with and no families live in the buildings. Strictly speaking, they are dwellings or warehouses converted into shops. It is only within the past year that any number of buildings have been^ either erected or converted into regular factories in this city. It is also to be noted that the largest number of dwellings used as sweat- shops and where the law is being violated is in A district.
70
REPORT OF the; bureau OF
These 221 establishments inspected are owned by 188 per- sons, the larger number of whom are Russians and the small- est number are Austrians. There are 177 Russians, 3 Ameri- cans, 6 Germans and 2 Austrians engaged in the business.
In the following table will be found an enumeration of the places where the different articles are manufactured, according to districts, showing the largest number to be coats, the second pants and the smallest number being hats and caps :
Table B.
|
Articles Made. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
||
|
Pants |
38 22 |
21 20 34 |
4 |
3 |
4 I 9 I I |
70 |
|
Vests |
35 QO |
|||||
|
Coats |
25 |
|||||
|
Busheling |
I |
|||||
|
Skirts |
I |
|||||
|
Ladies' Coats |
I 2 |
I 3 I I |
2 |
|||
|
Button Holes |
I |
6 |
||||
|
Suits |
I |
|||||
|
Hats and Caps |
I |
|||||
|
Totals |
11 |
81 |
30 |
3 |
16 |
207 |
These various shops are located in buildings according to the following table:
Table C.
|
Front, Back or Rear Building. |
District. |
Total |
|||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|||
|
Front |
86 12 |
95 23 6 |
43 10 |
3 |
19 2 |
246 |
|
|
Back |
77 |
||||||
|
Rear |
18 |
||||||
|
Totals |
140 |
124 |
53 |
3 |
21 |
341 |
|
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
71
By reference to the figures given above it will be seen that 246 of these shops are located in the front part of these build- ings, 77 in the back part of the front building and 18 in the rear of the buildings. It is shown by the table that the great- est number of workrooms are located in the front part of the building, and the reason why the front of a building is selected wherever possible is not to be found in the fact that the rooms are better located or larger, but only because, as a rule, there are more windows in the front of the buildings, thus giving more light to the workers and thereby enabling the proprietors to economize in this respect.
There are 1,235 rooms in the houses visited, divided as fol- lows :
District A 466
District B 442
District C 253
District D 15
District E 59
The various rooms inspected in these buildings are located as follows in the buildings:
Table D.
|
Location of Workroom. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
||
|
Front |
85 49 2 |
94 27 3 |
34 18 I |
3 |
15 6 |
211 |
|
Back |
100 |
|||||
|
Middle |
6 |
|||||
|
Totals |
136 |
124 |
53 |
3 |
21 |
337 |
These rooms are located on the different floors of the build- ings as shown in Table E. By this table it will be seen that the largest number are on the second and third floors, thus being above ground and more difficult of access. In most of these
72
REPORT o]p the; bureau of
houses the first floor is occupied by the family and are used for cooking, eating and sleeping purposes, from which the foul air must necessarily ascend, increasing the unhealthy coiiditions of the workrooms above.
Table E. — Floor on Which Workroom is Located.
|
Floor. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
||
|
First |
12 56 65 5 |
II 58 50 5 |
8 23 16 4 |
31 145 T/|/t |
||
|
Second |
3 |
5 13 2 I |
||||
|
Third |
||||||
|
Fourth |
16 |
|||||
|
Fifth |
I |
|||||
|
Totals |
138 |
124 |
51 |
3 |
21 |
'^'V? |
ROOMS WITH l^tSS THAN 4OO CUBIC FEiET PE:r PERSON.
In the 221 inspections made, 48 rooms were found where there was less than 400 cubic feet of space for each person working therein, divided in the different districts as follows: District A, 24; Districts, 21; District C, 2, and District D, i. While this number is considerably less than the number found last year, still there is ample room for improvement in this respect, showing that about twenty per cent, of the rooms inspected come under the penalty of the law.
In the 221 buildings inspected there was a total of 152 fam- ilies living therein, with 724 persons comprising these families.
It must be remembered that these 1,235 rooms in the houses inspected are utilized for living and sleeping purposes by these 152 families of 724 persons, and in addition to these persons, 2,959 people not of the family are employed therein. In other words the whole number of persons employed and living in these rooms is 3,211.
In the following tables will be found briefly summarized the details from the numbered tables that follow:
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
73
Table F. — Whol,ic Numbicr oi' Pivrsons Employed.
|
Sex. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
||
|
Male |
635 373 |
834 555 |
358 117 |
16 7 |
176 140 |
2,010 |
|
Female |
1,192 |
|||||
|
Totals |
1,008 |
1,389 |
475 |
23 |
316 |
3,211 |
Table G. — Number of Persons Employed Under 16 Years of Age.
|
Sex. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
|||
|
Male .... |
30 29 |
41 61 |
8 16 |
I |
79 |
|
|
Female |
107 |
|||||
|
« ' |
||||||
|
Totals |
59 |
102 |
24 |
I |
186 |
Table H. — Number of Persons Employed Under 12 Years of Age.
|
Sex. |
District. |
Total |
||
|
A |
B |
C |
||
|
Male |
2 3 |
I |
I |
3 |
|
Female |
4 |
|||
|
Totals |
5 |
I |
I |
7 |
74
REPORT OF the; bureau of
TabIvE I.— Children Employed Under i6 Years of Age Who Can Neither Read or Write.
|
Sex. |
District. |
Total |
|||
|
A |
B |
||||
|
Male . . . |
9 5 |
10 4 |
19 9 |
||
|
Female |
|||||
|
Totals . |
14 |
14 |
28 |
||
Table K. — Number oe Persons Employed Not op Family.
|
Sex. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
Male |
A 553 357 |
B 744 524 |
C 343 118 |
D II 4 |
E 165 140 |
1,816 |
|
Female |
1,143 |
|||||
|
• Totals |
910 |
1,268 |
461 |
15 |
305 |
2,959 |
It will be seen by the above tables that 176 children are employed in these establishments who are less than sixteen years of age. These figures, however, do not convey the whole truth, as the statements made by the employers of the ages of the children employed in these sweat-shops and fac- tories must be taken with a great degree of allowance. Not one of them show certificates from their parents or teachers, as provided by the Compulsory Education Law. Twenty-eight are shown in Table I to be able neither to read or write, and there is plenty of work for the Truant Officers of this city.
These various shops work all the way from forty-five hours to sixty-six hours per week, mostly fifty hours per week ; those who do not work on Saturday often working on Sunday to make up for lost time.
Table L shows the number of hours worked by the shops in the various districts:
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
75
TabIvE L. — Number of Hours of Labor Per Week.
|
Number of Hours. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
||
|
46 |
I |
I |
||||
|
AQlA |
2 1 |
2 |
||||
|
qo |
22 |
64 |
I |
I |
88 |
|
|
eji |
I |
|||||
|
ZA |
I 3 lO I |
I |
||||
|
cc |
3 53 I |
|||||
|
9*' 6o |
2 |
26 |
2 |
13 |
||
|
66 |
||||||
|
Totals |
24 |
8o |
29 |
3 |
14 |
ISO |
CONDITION OP THE WORKROOMS.
Of the 241 rooms used as workrooms 155 are reported clean and 86 dirty.
Table M shows that the largest number of dirty rooms pre- vailed in District B. These conditions in the workrooms speak well for the results of the inspections of last year, but leaves room for improvement.
Table M. — Condition of Workroom.
|
Clean or Dirty. |
District. |
Total |
||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
||
|
Clean |
24 16 |
64 60 |
43 10 |
3 |
21 TCC |
|
|
Dirty , . . |
86 |
|||||
|
Totals |
40 |
124 |
53 |
3 |
21 -ZAT |
|
76
REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF
All of the buildings seem to have sufficient means of egress in case of fire, unless an accident of some kind should occur.
Only three establishments are shown in the tables to have provided separate washrooms for females, and only 282 water closets are provided for this large number of 3,683 persons to utilize.
Only 25 establishments report having separate water closets for sexes. This condition certainly ought to be remedied.
The use of gasoline seems not to diminish, as the following figures show that 28 of these establishments still use it, mostly in the poorer district and by people who know the least about the use of that dangerous fluid.
Table N. — Kind of Fueiv Used.
|
Fuel. |
District. |
Total |
|||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|||
|
Gas |
28 21 14 |
S8 5 15 |
7 2 19 |
I |
ID |
104. |
|
|
Gasoline |
28 |
||||||
|
Coal |
4 |
52 |
|||||
|
Totals |
63 |
78 |
28 |
I |
14 |
184 |
|
Of the water closets attached to these 221 buildings, 47 of them were reported full; 8 of them in bad condition and loi O. K., and the sanitary conditions generally of the buildings inspected are reported as follows: O. K., 96; bad, 40; fair, 13; and good, 6.
Taken altogether the general conditions are an improvement on those shown in the Eleventh Annual Report of this Bureau, with which comparisons can easily be made in the following detail tables.
'lis
o6»
2,312
ii.S-'o 1.4
m
2,{01
i,14«
J20
6,oSo MS6
8,710 1 ;J, 3,380 I l,i^)
l.Sso
2,9(4 5,6i(i
1,248 3,400 2,240 1,800 6,ifo 5,760 3,48 3,960 2,016 '.334 9,180 ■2,546 2,312 6,480 1,683 3i6S4 1,078
',2/4
2,736 2,736 2,l6o
'■35«
33»
Ifl^
■aaa
mm
|
:t A.- |
— Continued. |
||||||||||
|
Total JN umber ot Cubic Feet of Work Room. |
No. of Cubic Ft. Al- lowed Each Room, i i |
u .a 0 |
1 No. Persons in Fam- ilies in the House. |
Number Number of Persons Employed. |
Number Employed Under 16 Years of Age. |
Number Employed 12 Years of Age or Family. |
Children ., Under 16 N Who Could ^-J" Not Read ^ ur Write. P' |
||||
|
1; re |
ui B V |
"a |
1 CO E |
H |
if, s |
•/I |
|||||
|
i4,76o 19,266 54,760 8,120 1,872 2,880 |
869 602 518 738 1,872 360 497 746 433 850 710 ■',540 577 900 1,056 1,254 1,020 1,330 2,295 1,995 336 506 1,664 256 500 416 268 433 288 720 337 728 1,456 549 640 549 457 580 1,690 582 378 882 414 400 650 416 566 1,120 900 684 443 1,156 792 252 1,334 510 1,140 330 1,080 560 365 269 1,274 342 684 720 841 540 |
25 23 ^8 I 2 6 5 3 1 1 4 12 2 I 3 6 4 5 I I 17 3 4 4 4 I 4 I 5 2 4 7 9 7 2 i 4 3 6 6 6 3 4 5 I 15 5 6 4 3 6 2 I 5 3 I 3 4 |
1 |
I |
1 |
2 |
24 |
||||
|
9 37 3 |
|||||||||||
|
2 |
|
||||||||||
|
2 |
13 13 13 |
||||||||||
|
6 5 6 3 2 4 |
I |
I |
I |
||||||||
|
1 5,472 i 8,206 |
5 4 2 |
||||||||||
|
j 2,600 ! 850 9,240 9.240 9,24.1 1,800 |
2 |
6 6 |
I |
I |
1 3 |
||||||
|
3 |
|
||||||||||
|
2 |
|||||||||||
|
8 |
|||||||||||
|
I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 2 |
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 3 7 7 7 5 5 |
I |
|||||||||
|
J, 1 12 |
I |
I |
|||||||||
|
2,508 ] 3,060 7,980 1 4,590 , 7.980 1.344 4,050 1,664 2.312 11,520 1,248 1,344 2,601 1,440 720 6,080 1,456 1,456 5.499 1,280 8,792 6,410 8,710 3.380 6,986 1,890 1,764 2,904 5.610 5,200 1,248 3,400 2,240 1,800 6,160 5,760 3,46s 3,960 2,016 1.334 9,180 12,546 2,312 6.480 i,68o 3.654 1,078 1,274 2,736 2,736 2,160 3.366 2,160 |
I |
||||||||||
|
3 |
|||||||||||
|
5 |
|||||||||||
|
2 |
|||||||||||
|
4 |
|||||||||||
|
3 |
|||||||||||
|
I |
4 I |
||||||||||
|
8 6 |
I |
||||||||||
|
17 |
|||||||||||
|
I 2 I |
|||||||||||
|
I I I I 2 I I 1 4 4 4 1 I 3 2 I 2 2 2 I |
4 4 8 6 5 IS 15 15 5 S 14 10 7 8 11 13 2 |
||||||||||
|
14 |
I |
4 |
3 2 |
||||||||
|
5 |
|||||||||||
|
12 7 6 |
|||||||||||
|
6 |
|||||||||||
|
8 |
|||||||||||
|
5 3 |
2 |
I |
6 |
||||||||
|
6 4 |
4 |
||||||||||
|
I |
5 |
||||||||||
|
3 7 |
- |
||||||||||
|
3 |
- |
||||||||||
|
I 3 |
|||||||||||
|
I |
|||||||||||
|
3 6 I |
2 |
14 |
|||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||
|
I |
9 |
I |
1 |
3 3 |
|||||||
|
I I I |
7 6 8 |
||||||||||
|
4 2 |
|||||||||||
|
I I I 3 |
4 4 4 16 |
3 I I |
|
5 |
|||||||
|
3 |
|||||||||||
76
REPORT o]? the; bureau of
All of the buildings seem to have sufficient means of egress in case of fire, unless an accident of some kind should occur.
Only three establishments are shown in the tables to have provided separate washrooms for females, and only 282 water closets are provided for this large number of 3,683 persons to utilize.
Only 25 establishments report having separate water closets for sexes. This condition certainly ought to be remedied.
The use of gasoline seems not to diminish, as the following figures show that 28 of these establishments still use it, mostly in the poorer district and by people who know the least about the use of that dangerous fluid.
Table N. — Kind op Fuel Used.
|
Fuel. |
District. |
Total |
|||||
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
|||
|
Gas |
28 21 14 |
58 5 15 |
7 2 19 |
I |
10 |
104 |
|
|
Gasoline |
28 |
||||||
|
Coal |
4 |
52 |
|||||
|
Totals |
63 |
78 |
28 |
I |
14 |
184 |
|
Of the water closets attached to these 221 buildings, 47 of them were reported full; 8 of them in bad condition and loi O. K., and the sanitary conditions generally of the buildings inspected are reported as follows: O. K., 96; bad, 40; fair, 13; and good, 6.
Taken altogether the general conditions are an improvement on those shown in the Eleventh Annual Report of this Bureau, with which comparisons can easily be made in the following detail tables.
TABLE 1.— District A.
TABLE I. — District A. — Continued.
., __ tables, 12 chairs
machine, 2 tables, J rack
the Workroom.
|
J;;^- -;■[ |
|
|
Dwelling |
Aug. 24, |
|
Dwelling |
Aug. 24 . |
|
Dwelling |
.... Aug. 21. |
|
Tcncmcn |
|
|
Dwell In 8 Dwellintr |
.... Aug. 21 , |
|
■'■■ "\"p' ]i' |
|
|
Tcnumun |
AiLu. jS. |
|
Dwell ing |
'"" s"p^|' ',1' |
|
S!io|> . . . |
|
|
Shop ... |
.... Sept. g. |
|
Dwelling |
.... Sept. 9. |
|
Shop . . . |
Sept. 9. |
|
Dwcl ng |
|
|
Sept. 10. |
|
|
.... Sept. 10. |
|
|
Dwelling |
.... Sept. 9. |
|
Dwelling |
.... Sept. 9. |
|
Dwelling |
.... Sept. 9. |
|
Shop . . . |
.... Sept. 10. |
|
machines |
6 tables, 15 chairs |
|
3 chairs and stock |
|
|
I table, 4 chairs |
|
|
3 chairs, 2 racks, i table |
|
|
12 chairs and loose work |
|
|
chairs |
|
|
machines |
5 tables. 12 chairs |
|
loose work |
|
|
chairs and loose work . |
|
|
machines |
4 chairs, i table, 2 racks |
achines, 6 chairs, 2 tables
machines, 3 tables, s chairs
table and loose work
machines, 6 tables, 20 chairs
tables and loose work
machine, i chair, i table and loose work.
machines, 6 tables, 15 chairs
tables and machinery
machines, 4 tables, 15 chairs
machines, 10 tables, 22 chairs
machines, 6 tables, 12 chairs
machines, 8 tables, 18 chairs
machine, '4 tables, 3 chairs, i gasoline stoi
machines, 4 tables, 8 chairs
machines. 8 tables, 10 chairs
machines. 6 tables, 12 chairs, 5 racks ..
machines, 2 tables, 4 chairs
machines, 8 chairs, 2 racks
tables. 2 racks and loose work
machines] 7 tables] 8 chairs
tables, 2 chairs and loose work
machines, 7 chairs, 2 tables ,
machines. 6 chairs, 2 tables
table, I gasoline stove, t chair, 2 racks
machines, 28 chairs, 20 racks
chairs, 8 1 acks, 9 tables
machines. 7 chairs, 2 tables
machines. 4 tables, 10 chairs, 5 racks . . maeliincs, 1 table, 5 chairs, 2 racks .... machines, 5 tables, 10 chairs, 4 racks ..
machines, i table, 4 chairs
machine, 3 tables, i chair, 2 racks
machines, 4 tables, 8 chairs
tables, 2 chairs
machines, 3 tables, s chairs
machines, i table, 2 chairs
of Persons Employed.
Number
Employed
|
Gas |
|
|
Gasoline. . . |
|
|
Gas |
|
|
Gasoline. . . |
|
|
Coal |
|
|
Coal |
|
|
Coal |
|
|
Gasolinj. . . |
TABLE 2.— District B.
|
= |
.2 1 |
— " |
Articles Made |
1 jii |
1 1^ |
1.3 |
Furniture or Other Articles |
K |
,1 |
^1 9 |
ol |
Whole Number of Persons Employed. |
Employed Employed Years of Age or Age. Under. |
Unldreu Under i6 Who Could Not Read or Write. |
iN umber Employed Not of Family. |
1 |
1 |
iguiH-t |
1" |
■6 3 |
1 •s |
1 |
|||||||||||||
|
1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
i |
^ t |
S |
Street and Number. |
Si |
or Partially Made. |
"1 |
Tl.ird |
■f |
P |
1 |
■a i |
1 |
i |
i |
s |
1 |
1 li |
■3 g |
1^ |
V |
i^M |
^1 |
i |
ll |
s |
||||||||||
|
N. E. Cor. Balto. & Frederick. |
Russia... |
Ijadies' Coats |
Front |
1 Back 1 12 |
J tables and wood |
13X16X 8 |
1,664 |
1,664 |
|
1 1 |
...... |
so |
Dirty Clean.... |
Yes... |
No... |
2 |
No... |
O.IC... |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||
|
N. E. Cor. Balto. & Frederick. |
Third Fourth.... |
|
Clean.... |
O.K.... |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
Shop Shop Dwelling Dwelling |
aSs 3' |
N. E. Cor. Balto. & Frederick. 404 E. Baltimore |
Ku53ia... |
Front |
Front.... |
4 |
10 machines, 27 Ubles, 30 chairs |
1 bOX25XI3 1 |
882 |
|
21 |
16 |
' |
3 |
■ |
19 |
16 |
so |
Yes... |
No... |
' |
No... |
Cas |
|||||||||||
|
B B |
Aug 3 |
1208 E. Baltimore |
Russia. . . |
Coats |
Front |
Front |
12 |
Third |
7 machines, 12 tables, 14 chairs |
6,8 13 |
425 |
' |
10 |
' |
' |
|
' |
' |
50 |
Yes... |
No... |
' |
No... |
Gas |
O.K.... |
O.K. |
|||||||||
|
Aug. 3- Aug. 3. |
1208 E. Baltimore 1208 E. Baltimore |
Russia. . . Russia. . . |
Coats Pants Button Holes Vests |
Back. Back. |
Back.".'.'.'. Middle... Back |
\l |
Third Third |
2 tables, 10 chairs 3 tables, I chair, i rack 4 machines, 3 chairs, i table, 6 boxes |
15X14X 8 13X18X 9 |
5;E |
s6o |
\ |
10 |
...... |
' |
'.'.'.•.'.'. |
:::::: |
"i" |
I |
5» |
Clean:::; Dirty |
Yes... Yes... Yes... |
No... nS::; |
I |
No... No... No... |
Gas Gas |
O.K.... O.K.... |
0. K. 0. K. |
|||||||
|
B |
Shop |
Aug. 3. Aug. 3- |
Russia. . . Russia... Russia... |
Front.... |
14 |
Third |
1 gasoline stove, i table, i box 5 machines, 7 chairs, 3 tables, 3 boxes |
433 |
...... |
...... |
I |
...^.. |
:::::: |
3 |
""3" |
ta |
Clean...: |
Yes::: |
No... No... |
3 |
No... |
Gasoline... |
Bad |
Bad. |
|||||||||||
|
B |
Dwelling |
lis N. High |
Front: : : : |
rvom.... |
12 |
Third |
6 machines, 10 chairs, 5 tables |
J 20X13X 8 1 1 I4X.4X 8 f |
364 |
* |
' |
■* |
50 |
Dirty |
Yes... |
No... |
■ |
No... |
Gas |
O.K.... |
0. K, |
||||||||||||||
|
no N. High JI9 N. Higli |
Coats Vests Vests Button Holes Hats & Caps. |
Rear Rear Rear |
4 machines, 5 chairs, 4 tables |
6,426 |
Dirty |
Yes... |
Mo... |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shop |
Russia. . . Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia. .. Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... |
3 tables, 3 chairs |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
So... |
Gas.::::::: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
U B B |
Shop Jwelling Dwelling |
228 N. Higli 22 N. High 312 N. High 312 N. High 312 N. High 312 N. High 33 N. High 23 N. High 23 N. High 23 N. High .8 N. High 18 N.High |
Fronl:::: |
" |
Second.... Second.... |
7 machines, 7 chairs, 2 tables 4 machines, 2 tables 2 machines, 5 tables, 8 chairs |
iEsi; |
2:380 6,699 |
388 476 837 |
...".. |
'7 |
■ |
'.'.'.'.'.'. |
5 |
J |
ta |
Dirty DirtV |
Yes... Yes... Yes... |
No... No... |
: |
No... No... |
Gas'. ■.■.'.'.■.:'. |
U. K. . . . O.K.... |
0. K. Bad. |
|||||||||||
|
July a8. |
Front Front |
10 machines, 10 chairs, 4 tables |
21x28x10 |
5,890 |
S41 |
5 |
Ves... |
No... |
Nn , |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
g |
Shop |
July 2,. |
Pants Vests Coats Coats Coats Vests::::::: Vests |
Back |
5 |
Second.,.. |
6 machines, 9 tables, 11 chairs |
13XIOX 7 |
1«1 |
9 |
...... |
...... |
...... |
8 |
...... |
Dirty |
Yes... |
No... |
J |
No... No... |
Gas Gas |
O.K.... |
Bad. |
||||||||||||
|
s |
Dwelling'.;;!." |
Back. |
Back |
14 |
Third |
6 machines, 10 chairs, 7 tables, 2 boxes .. 1 table, 3 chairs and loose work |
44XISX 9 |
3 |
lo |
\ |
10 |
f |
SO |
Clean:::: |
Yes... |
No... No... |
^ |
No... |
Coal |
Bad |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||
|
Aug. 28. Aug. 28. El Aug. 7. Aug. 7. Aug. 18. Aug. 18. July 3. July 3. |
No... |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
408 |
Yes... |
No... |
No... |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
10 machines, 14 tables, 15 chairs |
Yes... |
No... |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shop Dwelling Dwelling Dwelling Shop Shop Jwelling Jwelling |
18x18x10 |
|
Dirty |
Yes... |
No... |
No... |
Gas |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Second.... |
2 machines, b tables, 7 chairs |
No... |
No... |
Gas |
O.K.... |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Russia... Russia. . . Russia... Russia... Russia. . . |
Pants Pants Coats Vests Coats Coats |
Front Front Rear Rear Back Back. |
Froni::.'.' B^aek. '.'.'.'. |
6 |
Third Third Third..'.'.'.' Second First |
2 tables, I gasoline stove 3 machines, 12 chairs, 8 tables, i stove ... 3 machines, 10 chairs, 6 tables 3machines, 4 tables, 10 chairs, i box, i stove S chairs, 1 safe, i basket of potatoes, 1 box, |
2,SS4 6,370 4,264 2,464 |
637 Hi |
5 |
6 |
"2" |
3 |
] |
50 |
Dirty Cleai.... Clean.... Dirty &::: |
Yes... Yes. . . Yes. . . Yes... |
No... No... No... No... |
i |
No... No... No... No... No... No... No... No... No... |
Gasoline. . . Coal Coal Gas Gas Gas Coal Gasoline... |
O.K.... O.K.... Full.... Full. . . . Bad Full.... 0. K. . . . 0. K. . . . 0. K. . . . |
Bad. Bad. 0. K. 0. K. Bad. O.K. Bad. |
|||||||||||||
|
B |
203 Ais<juith |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Factory |
July 2,. |
Russia... Russia... Russia... |
Coats Coats Vests |
From:::: |
From.... |
2 |
Second Third |
54x30x19 |
6)448 |
''586 |
.0 |
' |
7 |
To |
Yes... |
No... |
2 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Ij |
July 11. July 21. Juy 21. 1 ii; |
814 E. Fayette 814 E. Fayette 1006 E. Fayette |
l-'rom |
,f |
3 tables, 2 chairs, i gasoline stove |
19X 9x10 |
2 |
8 |
1 |
2 1 |
2 |
Pirty |
Yes... |
No... |
, |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
{};£« |
Vests |
Front |
Clean.... |
O.K.... |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
From |
10 |
Third |
2 machines, 12 chairs, 12 tables |
63X18X 9 |
10,206 |
729 |
1 |
7 |
7 |
I |
1 |
I |
I |
6 |
J |
Yes... |
No... |
2 |
Yes. |
Gas & Coal. |
|||||||||||||||
|
Russia. . . |
5 machines, 7 chairs, 3 tables, 4 racks |
Full.... |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tenement. . . . Dwelling |
S. W. Cor. Fayette and East |
Pants Pants Coats Coats |
24x28x10 J 24XI9X 9 ' |
so |
O.K.... Full.... Full.... |
Bad. 8:^: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Russia: : : Russia... |
Front |
Back.'.:'.'. |
" |
Tliird Second. . . . Third |
5)490 |
366 |
J |
'1 |
i |
:::.:; |
•••-■ |
t |
Dirty Disty.:::: |
Yes... Yes... Yes... |
No... No. . . No... |
J |
No... No... No... |
Gas Gas Gas |
|||||||||||||||||
|
B |
7 machines, 8 tables, 12 chairs, 1 stove ... |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dwelling |
if^ ']■ |
Russia . . . |
Coats |
Front.... Front |
Front.... Front |
9 |
Second.... Third |
19x17x10 100x77x1s |
3.230 |
461 695 |
■ |
3 |
o", |
6 |
■ |
"i" |
i: |
Clean... Clean |
Yes... Yes... |
No... Yes . . |
■ |
No... Yes.. |
Gas Gas |
0. K. . . . O.K.... |
0. K. |
||||||||||
|
R |
39 machines, no chairs , 55 tables |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Suits |
Front |
Fourth.... |
33 machmes, 65 chairs, 35 tables, 14 racks.. |
93x69x17 |
60 |
Yes.. |
Gas |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sept. 4. |
Germany |
From — |
37X1SX10 |
O.K.... |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Suits |
93x77x1s |
1,074 |
60 |
O.K.... |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Factory.. |
Suits |
Second |
3 machines, 5 tables, 4 chairs |
36x15x11 |
60 |
Yes.. |
Gas |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Aug. ;. |
Coats |
13XI3X 1 |
Dirty |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dwelling |
fuly ,6: |
Rullia'" |
Coats |
Front"" |
Second |
I 3.702 |
; |
' |
■■■;,■ |
.. . |
50 |
Dirty.... |
' |
Gas |
O.K.... 0. K. . . . |
Fair. Fair. |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
4 ^ |
3 1 < 4 |
i 26XI4X 7'/' |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dwelling |
1140 McElderry |
Russia... |
Coats |
Third |
26X14X 8 |
Clean.... |
Yes... |
No... |
No... |
Gas |
0. K. . . . |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
Dwelling::::: |
II40 McElderry |
Russia... |
Vests |
Fronl:::: |
,\ |
Third Second.... |
2 machines, 4 tables, 4 chairs |
5,280 |
; |
I |
I |
3 |
...... |
I |
3 |
' |
Clean":: |
Yes::: |
No... |
I |
No... No... |
Gas.. |
Full.... |
O.K. |
||||||||||
|
Dwelling |
Coats |
26X15X 9 |
Dirty |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
D^t^lling |
1147 McElderry |
Coats |
384 |
Dirty |
No... |
Gas |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Aug. 5. |
1147 McElderry |
Russia... |
7 |
Third |
7 machines, 8 tables, 28 chairs |
J 28X1^9* 9 1 |
8.433 |
1 |
4 |
14 |
12 |
1 |
3 |
13 |
12 |
so |
No... |
i |
No... |
Gas |
Full |
0. K. |
|||||||||||||
|
B |
Dwelling |
Aug. 5. |
Austria.. . |
Coats |
From |
Front |
7 |
Third |
a h' e 8 tables 11 chairs |
5,990 |
374 |
■ |
' |
' |
' |
■ |
■ |
6 |
6 |
SO |
Clean.... |
Yes... |
No... |
• |
No... |
Gas |
Full.... |
O.K. |
|||||||
|
— |
' |
TABLE 2.— District K— Continued.
|
1 ff |
!i |
1 |
s |
II L S |
Q |
i |
.9 |
T.T . Number Number Employed Number Under 16 °J Pf^sons Years of Employed. ^gg_ |
Number Employed Ael^^r ° |
Children Under i6 f Who Could Not Read |
Numbei Employed Kot of |
1 |
1 |
|ii- |
Wash- ed for Water ilding. males? |
1 |
1 |
1 |
|||||||||||||||
|
On |
1 ; |
Street and Number. |
h |
Articles Made Ai or Partially n tc Made. M.E in |
.fj |i |
ill |
Furniture or Other Articles in the Workroom. |
% |
■s| |
s B ■ |
It OS Z |
Family. |
or Write. |
Family. |
Is |
ST \.n\"'S. |
1 , •s |
P |
1 |
||||||||||||||
|
DiMricL Tenement, or Rear |
1 |
1 1 |
1 s |
1 § |
1 |
1 1 |
1 |
1 |
1 1 |
1 |
< la |
b |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
Shop |
Aug. i8 |
1207 Jackson |
Russia.. |
Pants Back. |
Back 9 |
Second.... |
4 machines, 4 chairs, 2 racks |
iQx 9x 8 |
I„l68 648 |
684 648 4^8 |
2 |
Clean... Clean... Clean... Dirty.... Clean... |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Shop |
Aug. 1 8 |
Russia.. |
Pants Back. |
Back 9 |
First |
I table, r chair, i rack |
9x 9x 8 |
Yes.. |
No. . |
No.. |
Gas |
Full... |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shop |
Aug. i8. |
1207 Jackson |
Russia.. |
Pants Back |
Front 0 |
First |
3 tables, 2 chairs, loose work |
so |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
Full... |
Bad. |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Sliop |
Aug. 5 |
Russia... |
Vests Back. |
Back |
Second. , . . |
6 machines, 8 tables, 13 chairs |
. ..^. |
Yes.. Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
Ful... |
Bad. |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shop |
Aug. 5 |
217 Rogers avenue |
Coats Front. . . , |
Second. . . . |
3 machines, 6 tables, 8 chairs |
3I672 5,320 1,455 |
6 |
SO |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
0. K. . . |
0. K. |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
^^OP |
July 21. |
6 Harrison |
Russia. . . |
Pants Front |
Third |
9 machines, 10 chairs, 10 boxes |
23x19x10 14X13X 8 |
5 |
3 |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Coal |
O.K... |
0. K |
||||||||||||||||||
|
R |
Shop |
July 21. |
6 Harrison |
Russia... |
Pants Front. . . . |
Back.'."."." |
Third |
I machine, 3 tables and loose work |
1.456 li 565 |
50 |
Clean . . . |
Yes.. |
No.. |
Yes. |
Gas |
O.K... |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||
|
B |
Shop- |
July 21. |
6 Harrison |
Russia... |
Coats Front. . . . |
Back |
2 machines, 4 tables, 4 chairs |
12 |
Clean,, . Clean... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
Yes. |
Ga> |
0. K. . . |
0. K |
||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
Dwelling |
8 N. Eden |
Russia... |
Third..'.'.'.' |
S machines, s chairs, i table |
66 |
Yes.. |
No.. |
Yes. |
Gas |
O.K.. |
0. K |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
B B B n B B |
Shop ...'.'.'.'. |
Aug. 7. |
8 N. Eden |
Russia. . . |
Pants Front |
Back. ■-■.■.' |
Third |
1 machine, 2 tables, i chair, 1 rack |
Dirty.... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
Full... |
Bad. |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Aug. i8. |
4 N. Eden |
Russia... |
Coats Front |
Second.... |
8 machines, 15 tables, 24 chairs |
67x23x11 39x18x12 36x18x11 37x38x14 36x36x13 50x18x10 |
50 |
Dirty.... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
Full... |
Bad |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Shop Shop Dweiiing Shop Shop |
Sept. 4. |
210 N. Holliday |
Maryland |
Pants Front |
Third |
8 machines, 12 chairs, 4 tables |
'1 |
13 |
5° |
Clean... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
O.K... |
0 K |
|||||||||||||||||
|
fX' 31. |
210 N. Holliday |
Maryland |
Pants Front |
Back. ■.'.'■. |
Third |
4 machines, 3 tables, 7 chairs |
/."ili |
60 |
Clean... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
O.K... |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||
|
July 31. |
309 N. Gay 217.219 N. Gay 217-210 N. Gay 301 K. Gay 301 N. Gay 500 N. Gay 1038 Hillcn 1038 PTiUcn 1049 Hillcn 101 N. Eredcrick 231 N. Frederick S. E. Cor. Ensor and East. |
Russia... Russia... Russia... |
Pants Pants Pants |
Front Front Front |
Front Front |
' |
Third Fourth Third |
5 machines, 4 tables, 7 chairs 17 machines, 16 chairs, 5 tables, 4 racks ... 16 machines, 23 chairs, 7 tables, 6 racks ... |
5,364 19,684 16,848 |
1)072 984 |
' |
...... |
16 |
, |
15 |
50 50 |
Clean .. . Clean... Dirty.... |
Yes.. Yes.. Yes.. |
No.. No.. No.. |
No.. No.. No.. |
Gas Gas Coal |
O.K... Full... O.K... |
OK O.K O.K. |
||||||||||
|
Russia... |
Coats |
Front |
3 machmes, 8 tables, 5 chairs |
sS |
9 |
5'' |
Clean... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
O.K.. |
O.K |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Russia... |
Vests |
Front |
Third..'.'.'.' |
4 machines, 7 tables, 15 chairs |
9,450 |
630 |
8 |
60 |
Clean... |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Ga^ |
O.K.. |
Bad |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Pants |
Front |
Second |
5 machines, 10 chairs, 4 tables |
6 |
Dirty.. . . |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gas |
0. K . |
Bad |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Coats |
Front |
Back.".','.". |
Second.... |
2 tables, loose work |
13XIIX 9 60x33x11 48x2^x11 36x26x10 |
50 |
Clean . . . |
Yes.. |
No.. |
No.. |
Gaa |
0 K |
0 K. |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
sii!',p°!'':',".:;;: |
Scm! I'. Sept. "4! |
Russia... Russia... Russia.. . Russia.. . Russia... |
Coats Vests Pants & Vests coatl;;;;;;; |
Front Front Front Front Front.... |
Front Front Front Front ; ; ; ; |
4 |
Second Second Third.;;;; Second |
3 machines, 9 chairs, 6 tables ; 20 machines, 17 tables, 41 chairs 14 machines, 8 tables, 27 chairs, 7 racks,8 boxes 3 machines. 14 chairs, 10 tables 4 machines, 10 chairs, 10 tables |
6,090 2i,7So |
507 " 1^876 |
■■■li" |
18 |
...... |
...... |
■m |
";r |
Clean... Dirty Clean... Clean... Dirty |
Yes.. Yes.. Yes.. Yes.. Yes.. |
No... No.. No.., No... No.. |
I |
No.. No.. No.. No.. No... |
Coal Coal Gas Gas Gas |
o.k:::: 0. K. . . . Full... O.K.... O.K.... |
O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. O.K. |
||||||||
|
B B |
Shop Shop |
Aug. 6. |
5. E. Cor. Ensor and East. |
Russia, . . Maryland Marjjland rS;:! Russia. . , |
Button Holes Coats Coats Coats ^oats |
Front |
Front.... |
3 |
First |
3 machines, 6 chairs, 3 tables |
6,080 |
868 |
7 |
^ |
* |
' |
so |
Clean... |
Yes... |
No... |
' |
Yes.. |
Gas |
O.K.... |
O.K. |
||||||||
|
B |
;i6 Ensor -...'.'.'.'.'..'.', |
Front Front Back. |
Front |
Second |
12 tables, 12 chairs, loose work |
3 |
Clean... |
Yes.. |
No... |
Yes. |
0 K . |
0 K |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Dwelling |
Front Back |
Third |
14 machines, 8 tables. 22 chairs |
561 |
Clean... |
Yes. . . |
No... |
Yes.. |
C^s.'.'.'.'.'.'. |
Full... |
0. K. |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
[^welling |
Second |
II machines, r2 tables, 23 chairs |
60 |
Clean... |
Yes. . . |
No... |
Yes.. |
Gas |
Full |
0. K. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B |
dwelling |
Aug! s! |
!22 Ensor ......'.'..'. |
Front.;; ; Front Front Front Front Front Front ; ; ; ; Front |
\md]e.'.'. Back Front Tront Back Front Middle. . . ;jront 'ront;;;; Back Iront •ront;;;; |
Second |
2 tables, 6 chairs |
fsx^xiC |
334 |
Clean... |
Yes... |
No... |
Yes.. |
Gas |
Full |
O.K. |
|||||||||||||||||
|
dwelling |
Aug. 6. |
!22 Ensor |
Second |
2 tables and loose work |
Dirty.... |
Yes. . . |
No. . . |
Yes.. |
Gas |
Full |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
B E B B E E |
Shop Jwell ng |
Aug. 6. 'iug. s. |
Ensor and Mott 14 East |
Vests;;;;;;; Vests Vests Vests Vests Pants Coats Coats Coats Pants Pants |
'9 |
Second First |
I table. 2 chairs 6 machines, 6 tables, 14 chairs |
i^iF!^ |
4^800 |
Vs's- |
'1 |
11 |
2 |
...... |
=° |
Dirty.. . . Dirty.... |
Yes... Yes... |
No. . . No... |
3 |
Yes.. Yes . . |
Gas Gas |
Full.... Full |
O.K. 0. K |
||||||||||
|
Dwell ng Dwell ng Dwell ng Dwell ng Shop 5hop Shop Dwelling |
Aug. 5. Aug. s ■ Aug, s - Aug, 5. Juy 31. July 31. fuly' 31.' |
14 East 14 East 14 East 14 East 328 N. Front 128 N, Front 432 N. Front 133 N. Front ...:: 133 N. Front 417 N. Front 417 N. Front 417 N. Front 392 Forrest 392 Forrest no N. Exeter Mf^ N. Exeter ;11 l^S- -:::■: ■:::: |
lussia! '. '. {ussia... tussia... iussia. .. Russia... Russia... Russia... |
I |
Second Second Second.... Second. . . . Third Second First Second Third Third Second. . . . Second.... Third Second Third Third First Second First Second Second Third Second Second First First Third Second Third Second.... Third |
2 machines, 7 chairs, 2 tables 4 machines, 4 chairs 4 tables. 3 chairs 2 machines, 1 table, 3 chairs 9 machines. 11 chairs, 4 tables, s racks .. 5 machines, 8 chairs, 11 tables .. 5 tables, 7 chairs, i box 3 machines. 9 tables, 12 chairs 4 machines, 2 tables, 7 chairs |
jig 47XI5X 9 28x27x10 |
1,820 1,650 7156? 4,704 i!890 lo'^oo |
1,1 825 588 S14 |
i |
I |
8 |
7 6 |
.0 |
7 |
50 50 |
Dirty Dirty Dirty Dirty Dirty Dirty Dirty |
Yes. . . Yes... Yes... Yes... ySi;; Yes... Yes... Yes... |
No... No... No... No... No... No... No... No... No... |
I |
No... Yes.. Yes.. Yes.. Yes . . Yes.. No... No... Yes.. |
Gas gS;;;;;;: Gas Gas Gas Gas Gas Coal |
o"k! .■.■.■ 0. K . . . O.K... O.K.... O.K.... O.K.... O.K.... Full |
Bad. Fair. Fair. Fair o.'k. O.K. Bad. |
|||||||||
|
:oats |
2 machines, 3^ tables, 2 chairs |
Dirty |
Yes... |
No... |
No... |
Gas |
O.K.... |
O.K |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Tuly 3?' |
Russia';; |
Coats Coats.. |
w;;;; |
4 |
6 machines, 16 tables, 22 chairs I table, I chair . . |
I'lfi 8 |
38s |
...^. |
if |
10 |
16 |
li |
50 |
Dirty Clean.... |
Yes... Yes. . . |
No... No... |
I |
No... No... |
Gas Coal |
O.K.... 0. K. . . . |
OK. Bad. |
||||||||||||
|
Coats.. |
■ront;;;; ^ront ■ront; ; ; ; ;ront. . . . |
4 machines, 12 tables, 18 chairs";;;;;;;;;; |
Dirty |
Yes . . . |
No. . . |
No... |
Coal |
OK.. |
Bad. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
i; i)":. |
Russia. . . Russia. . . Russia... Russia... |
Coats Vests Pants Coats Pants |
prnm : ; ; ; Back.'.;.;;: Back |
? |
2 machines, 5 tables, 6 chairs 1 table, I gas stove 3 machines, 6 tables, 7 chairs ;;;;;;;;;;" 7 machines 8 chairs, i table, 3 boxes 2 machines, 7 chairs, 4 tables |
iiP] |
2,'7So 3.078 |
'Ifc |
■ |
'3 |
I |
...■*.. |
...!.. |
3 S |
3 |
50 |
Clean.... Clean Clean .... Dirty Dirty |
Yes. . . Yes. . . Yes. . . Yes... Yes... |
No... No... No. . . No... No... |
I |
No... No... No... No... No... |
Gas Gas Gas Gas Coal |
O.K.... O.K.... O.K.... Full.... 0. K . . . |
Bad. O.K. OK. O.K. Bad. |
|||||||||
|
Russia... |
Pants |
Back |
4 machines. 2 tables, 5 chairs, 2 racks |
3)348 |
1,674 |
3 |
Dirtv |
Yes. . . |
No... |
■Jo... |
Coal |
Full |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Russia... |
Vests |
Back |
6 machines, lo chairs, 4 fables, loose work. |
4. 752 |
Dirty |
Yes... |
No... |
I No... |
Gas |
0. K. . . . |
O.K. |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
li |
|i;i;:::i |
t'i'.Iv 30'. |
'At N' I'vcter |
Russia. . . Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia... Russia. . . Russia. . . Russia... Russia... Russia. . . Russia. . . |
Vests Vests Vests Vests |
Back Front Front |
'ront! ; ; ; ^ront 'ront Jack |
'i |
3 machines, 7 tables. 10 chairs 5 machines, 6 tables. 14 chairs .... 4 |